Comparing Marriage in Eveline and The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing marriage in Eveline and The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky At times, a marriage may be motivated by feelings former(a) than romantic love. Themes of alternative motivations for marriage are explored in the literary works, Eveline and The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky. Also, in each of these stories, the decisions of a principle character is greatly influenced, by the opinions of others concerning marriage. Sometimes people do not link up to be with one that they love, instead, they marry to flee a place or a person that they dislike. At the age of nineteen, Eveline consented to marry Frank to get away from her job at the Stores and her father. She thought her comrades at the Stores might call her a fool to run saturnine with Frank to get married and that Miss Gavan would be glad she was gone. Although she feared her father would become violent because of her marriage, she k sore some others would respect her. She planned to explore a new life with Frank in his distant country h ome, Buenos Aires. Frank seemed older than Eveline from the stories he had told of his experiences. Eveline was acting upon impulse to escape. The more experienced Frank would save her. He would give her life, perhaps love, too. (Joyce 331). Her mother&61501s &61505life of commonplace sacrifices closing in final craziness&61504 (Joyce 331) was reason enough for Eveline&61501s sudden engage to marry Frank. Eveline weighed questions of her decision up to the last minute. She struggled with her feelings toward her known life. As the time for her to leave with Frank approached, she realized that her current life was not all that bad. Marriage would not be the answer to her dilemma. She did not go with Frank. The people of Yellow Sky knew Sheriff Jack mess around had gone to San Antonio, but did not know wherefore he went nor when he was coming back. However, Potter had gone to meet a girl he believed he loved, and there, after the usual prayers, had actually induced her to marry h im, without consulting Yellow Sky for any part of the transaction. (Crane 212). Potter and his bride were older than the average newly weds during that time period. They were self conscious because people in the parlor-car stared at them. Potter began to feel a greater self consciousness about how his town of Yellow Sky would respond to his marriage.

My Personal Goals :: essays research papers

My Personal GoalsThe personal goals I want to achieve as a student at University of Phoenix is to lift up a college degree and make my return proud. I know once that has been achieved, my future prospects are limitless. I am a product of a put forward who grew up on welfare, but not only obtained her Bachelors degree, but went arse to school two more times to obtain her doctorate of Education. Her mother sacrificed plenty to send her to college and my mother always knew the power of education.As my sister and I were growing up we would always listen to my mother show stories about how she had to walk about 10 miles to and from school, but she was never discouraged. She would also tell us about having to go to the cotton fields on well-nigh days to work and then go to school. My mother worked at a very early age and saved for college any time she had extra money to spare. With the money my mother saved for college, the college fund my grandma set up, and a partial scholarship , my mother was able to attend Prairie View A&M University. She resolved to go into nursing, because she enjoyed helping people. After 4 very hard years, my mother graduated magna cum laude from college. She told us that was the best day of her and my grandmothers life. My grandmother told her she was so proud of her. Eight months after my mothers graduation, my grandmother passed away. My mother was devastated, but she knew she had to go on because it was what her mother would want. One year later, my mother got married and moved to Salt Lake City, Utah where she found a job as a pediatric nurse at the Childrens Hospital. She worked at the hospital about a year and then decided to go back to school to receive her Masters degree. Her husband was not happy with her finality to do such a thing, and was not supportive of her at all. At that time my mother realized she had made the best choice to go back to school because it was apparent her marriage would not last. My mother graduat ed sum cum laude from University of Utah and was divorced shortly thereafter. The relationship became so strained age she was in school, by the time she graduated she and her husband had grown far apart.

Cheating and Plagiarism - It’s Not Plagiarism, It’s Recycling :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Its non Plagiarism, Its Recycling   What does plagiarism squander to do with Shakespeare, Marlowe, Ovids metamorphosis, Titus Andronicus, Revenge Tragedies, Adam, Eve and the apple, and The Tempest? All these and many more are the result of plagiarism.   There seems to be a great discussion on whether or not Shakespeare is the true author of the acquires associated with his name. The internet seems to be full of essays, discussion boards and book reviews all traffic with this circumstance topic and most of the tidy sum submitting them are very forceful and definitive about their positions. In just a few hours of searching I found well over a thousand pages dealing with the original source of the plant of art assigned to Shakespeares name. The most disappointing part was that nvirtuoso of the essays I read even suggested the possibility of Shakespeare just borrowing information and topics from opposite playwrights and authors. They were all mainly interested in the man who actually rove the words on paper. Not simply did this decrease their usefulness for this particular paper but also they made it seem like the person who wrote the plays start on paper had some particular lawful ownership over them. This was not true though.   During the time that Shakespeare was writing plays in England, there were no such(prenominal) laws deeming a play protected by copyright laws. Today, plays are normally published and distributed but in the Elizabethan era, plays were only written enough for the actors to bunco their lines. When plays were put on there was usually a large audience. This audience could have included other playwrights and actors who would then remember pieces of what they saw and use them later(prenominal) in their own productions. How could this be secure?   Back then, actors were lucky if they did not get stopped by the police while performing a play why would the ideas of a playwright be protected by law? I do not thi nk anyone even cared if the plays were used as resources for other plays. If Shakespeare used a part from one of Marlowes plays, then Marlowe could take some ideas from Shakespeare. Since most of the ideas for plays came from famous works anyway, whos to say that Shakespeares idea was even his own?   Ovids Metamorphosis is one of the most referenced works in the plays we have read already in class.Cheating and Plagiarism - Its Not Plagiarism, Its Recycling Argumentative Persuasive Topics Its Not Plagiarism, Its Recycling   What does plagiarism have to do with Shakespeare, Marlowe, Ovids Metamorphosis, Titus Andronicus, Revenge Tragedies, Adam, Eve and the apple, and The Tempest? All these and many more are the result of plagiarism.   There seems to be a great discussion on whether or not Shakespeare is the true author of the plays associated with his name. The internet seems to be full of essays, discussion boards and book reviews all dealing with this particular topic and most of the people submitting them are very forceful and definitive about their positions. In just a few hours of searching I found well over a thousand pages dealing with the original source of the works of art assigned to Shakespeares name. The most disappointing part was that no(prenominal) of the essays I read even suggested the possibility of Shakespeare just borrowing information and topics from other playwrights and authors. They were all mainly interested in the man who actually put the words on paper. Not only did this decrease their usefulness for this particular paper but also they made it seem like the person who wrote the plays down on paper had some particular lawful ownership over them. This was not true though.   During the time that Shakespeare was writing plays in England, there were no such laws deeming a play protected by copyright laws. Today, plays are usually published and distributed but in the Elizabethan era, plays were only written enough for the actors to learn their lines. When plays were put on there was usually a large audience. This audience could have included other playwrights and actors who would then remember pieces of what they saw and use them later in their own productions. How could this be copyrighted?   Back then, actors were lucky if they did not get stopped by the police while performing a play why would the ideas of a playwright be protected by law? I do not think anyone even cared if the plays were used as resources for other plays. If Shakespeare used a part from one of Marlowes plays, then Marlowe could take some ideas from Shakespeare. Since most of the ideas for plays came from famous works anyway, whos to say that Shakespeares idea was even his own?   Ovids Metamorphosis is one of the most referenced works in the plays we have read already in class.

Democracy and Liberal Socialism :: Politics Government Regime Papers

Democracy and Liberal SocialismThis theme deals with the characteristic features of Rawls upper-class body politic, and whether a liberal democratic collectivism can be compatible with Rawls semipolitical liberalism. I cope that a property-owning democracy can be compatible with Rawlsian justice while liberal socialism cannot. I understand the choice between property-owning democracy and liberal socialism as the difficulty of which kind of regime is more compatible with the pluralism of modern democracies. Property-owning democracy is more compatible with Rawls political liberalism since it permits a wider variety of the conceptions of the good than liberal socialism while at the same time permitting worker-managed firms thus I argue that it can be understood as a mixed regime. What kind of sparing regime is more compatible with Rawlsian justice, private ownership or social ownership of the means of production? Since Rawls has published A Theory of Justice,(1) there has been more than debate over this problem. Some argue that A Theory of Justice offers a philosophical apologia for an egalitarian brand of welfare state capitalism.(2) Others argue that his political and economic regime is completely different from the capitalism in the classical sense of Marxism.(3) But he himself rejects a welfare-state capitalism and illustrates a property-owning democracy and a liberal (democratic) socialism as economic regimes consistent with his justice as fairness.(4)I will deal with the following problems in this paper what are the characteristic features of the property-owning democracy as an alternative to capitalism? Can a liberal democratic socialism be compatible with Rawlss political liberalism? I will argue that a property-owning democracy can be compatible with Rawlsian justice but a liberal socialism, particularly concerning his political liberalism, cannot. And I will suggest my understanding of his property-owning democracy as a mixed regime. 1. Rawlss conception of property-owning democracy (5)a) the main institutions of Rawlss property-owning democracyRawls thinks that his property-owning democracy realizes all the main political values expressed by the two principles of justice, but a capitalist welfare state does not. He thinks of such a democracy as an alternative to capitalism. Concluding his survey, Rawls outlines the main institutions of property-owning democracy as followsi) furnish for securing the fair value of the political liberties, ii) Provisions for realizing fair equality of opportunity in education and training, iii) A basic level of health-care provided for all.(6)Furthermore, Rawls insists upon two conditions 1) a regime of competitive markets, and 2) state intervention both(prenominal) to correct market imperfections (e.

Education for Cosmopolis :: Learning Curriculum Essays

Education for CosmopolisABSTRACT An breeding for Cosmopolis is a kind of mediation between a cultural matrix and the moment and value it confers on personal and communal self-appropriation, as genuine human beings, through history. The main strategy for a global educative integrates, around the notion of Cosmopolis, the tasks of an education conceived as a personal achievement and an education conceived as a legacy one generation contends with another. Cosmopolis, as a higher viewpoint of a culture, is based on the power of detachment and disinterestedness of human spirit it is not an utopia nor an imaginative synthesis. A cosmopolitan education is radically emancipative. It involves a dialectical self-appropriation of the dynamic unit of human consciousness in the variables of development. Self-appropriation involves a fourfold conversion psycho-affective, intellectual, moral, and religious. A cosmopolitan education besides teaches us to think historically, to reach a world-cu ltural community, and to withdraw from practicality to save practicality. These thoughts are developed from the work of Bernard J. F. Lonergan.I. The Educative MediationEducation (1) mediates between cultural matrices and the meaning and value they give to their personal and communal processes of self-appropriation and self-affirmation as genuine human beings in history. Lonergan means by mediation. . . any factor, quality, property, feature, aspect, that has a source, origins, ground, infrastructure, and consequences, effects, derivatives, a sports stadium of influence, radiation, expansion, an expression, manifestation, revelation, outcome may be said to be immediate in the source, origin, ground, basis, and mediated in its consequences, effects, derivatives, outcome, in its field of influence, radiation, expansion, in its expression, manifestation, revelation (1984, p. 2 p. 12). much(prenominal) is the general or simple notion of mediation.Education is immediate in the basis a nd mediated in its expansion. The basis of education lays in cultural matrices. They generate, transform, and share meanings and values by the product of several patterns of experience (inconscient, dramatic, biological, aesthetic, artistic, practical, intellectual, religious, etc.), and the spontaneous and self-correcting processes of learning, such as the human cooperation in labor, the human intersubjectivity in language and communication, and the cooperation with others as the basis of legitimate power in the community. The expansion of education is an historical self-consciousness that persons and communities would autonomously affirm.Conceived as a mutual self-mediation process, education combines two types of mediation mutual mediation and self-mediation. As a mutual mediation education is a reciprocal relation, where its elements configure an interchanging functional whole there are at least two principles and each mediates the other or others (p.

Comparing Rebels in Pleasantville, Fahrenheit 451, and Lord of the Flies :: comparison compare contrast essays

Rebels in Pleasantville, Fahrenheit 451, and Lord of the Flies   Despite the fact that rebels are viewed as troublemakers, in the long run, they help a society grow for the better. In Pleasantville, Fahrenheit 451, and Lord of the Flies, there have been so called rebels and these rebels were looked down upon for their different points of view. These rebels were what made these books and movie interesting because in a society, change is sometimes good. In all of these cases, change was feared and thought impossible, but eventually these changes happened, and there was a better civilization because of it.   In Pleasantville, one origination came clashing with another. These two different worlds had different values and perceptions of a perfect and pleasant life. When David and Jennifer entered the town of Pleasantville and became Bud and Mary Sue, they were looked at differently because they knew something that the others in Pleasantville didnt k at a time. They knew of change, color, and unfeigned beauty and because they were spreading this knowledge, they were considered rebels. After color started to spread, the town of Pleasantville was never the same and they now knew what they were missing. A rebel is defined as a minority, going against the majority. As time passed, and more color appeared, the more rebels there were. When these rebels become the majority, they are not considered different or threatening anymore.   Once everybody changed from black and white to color, Pleasantville was now happy again. But this happiness was not because of a boring routine, but because of beautiful change and multicolored experiences. Times change and these rebels that see differently than everyone else make these changes. Change is what makes the world go round.   In Fahrenheit 451, there were also rebels that existed and viewed what everyone was used to, as a living hell. The rebels that I speak of are hoi polloi like Clar isse McClellan, Guy Montag, Professor Faber, and Granger. These rebels are people that are sick of the way things are and want change to occur. These characters are all bright, intelligent, and bring fore fresh and sensible ideas that nobody even thought of or considered because it was out of the norm and it was risky.

Stefan’s Diaries: Bloodlust Chapter 32-33

Chapter 32Stefan, a disembodied voice whispered.I was in the labyrinth back at Veritas, the lush green hedges rise higher than my head, the sun beating cut back upon my shoulders. My collar was itchy and constrictivefor some reason I was in my Sunday best.From around the bend Damon approached, his colored eyes wide and innocent. Want to race, brother? he challenged.Of course I accepted.Suddenly, we were sitting on the porch swing, with Katherine wedged between us, mischief in her dark eyes, as she plucked petals from a daisy. Her leg was so close I felt it grazing mine. As her gaze shifted back and forth, I realized the game she was compete The flower would determine which one of us she would choose. When she reached the final petal, her eyes locked onto mine, and I knew that I was the victor. She leaned in to kiss me, and I closed my eyes, anticipating the soft touch of her lips. save instead I felt a stake plunge into my heart. My eyes fluttered open, and there stood my brothe r, laughing as he dug the wood yet deeper into me, the flower petals crushed beneath my prone form.My head lolled to the side, and my eyes snagged on the girl who was bleeding to death next to me on the grass. Her hair was fire-red, and her skin was moon-pale beneath her freckles.CallieI tried to shout. But Damon snatched up my words in his fist before sinking a knife over and over into Callies back.Stefan a voice called again, louder this time. I recognized the lilting alto.Lexi.Nooo I moaned. I couldnt allow Damon to kill her, too. Go awayStefan . She came closer still, kneeling down beside me, holding a goblet to my lips.No, I said again.She shook my shoulders violently. My eyes popped open. The walls around me were painted with cracked red paint, and I saw a gilt-edged portrait on the opposite wall. I sat up, touching my face with my hands, then glancing down. I was still wearing my ring. I touched the stone. It felt very real.Lexi? I asked thickly.Yes She smiled, clearly relie ved. Youre awake.I glanced down at my body. My arm still throbbed, and there was dried blood underneath my fingernails. Am I alive?She nodded. Just barely. Damon?We didnt get him, Lexi said darkly. He ran off.Callie? I asked. I didnt want to hear, but I needed to bed.Lexi looked down at her fingernails for a long moment, then lifted her amber eyes to mine. Im sorry, Stefan. We tried tied(p) Buxton tried to save her But she was too far gone, I finished for her. My head throbbed. Where is she now?Lexi pushed my matted hair off my temple. Her fingers were cool against my burning skin. In the river. The whole citys looking for her Lexis voice trailed off, but I understood everything that she wasnt saying.Before you rest, you need to drink, Lexi murmured, helping me sit up again. Its your favorite, goats blood, she said with a sad smile.I put my lips to the goblet. The brackish liquid tasted nothing like sweet, full-bodied human blood, but it was warm. And it contained something huma n blood never would a dull spark of redemption. The much of this I drank, the less human blood would run through and through me.I wasnt nave, though. Guilt would always flow through my veins. Id killed too many in my short time as a vampire, destroyed too many lives. Whether or not I drank from her, Callies death was on my hands as well. I should have turned my back on her, told her I never wanted to see her. But Id been weak.Good boy, Lexi murmured as I finished drinking from the cup.I didnt feel good. I felt sick and scared and unsure of what to do. Damon was still out in the world, somewhere, and Callies blood was running through his veins. My stomach tightened. I dont experience what to do, I admitted, searching Lexis eyes for answers. But Lexi was silent.I dont know what to tell you, she said finally. But I do know youre a good man.I sighed, ready to point out that I wasnt a man at all, I was a monster. But Lexi stood up and gathered the mugs from the night table.Chapter 33Wh en I woke up, I could tell from the light streaming through the crack in the curtains that it was daylight. I swung my feet onto the hardwood floor and grabbed the neat pile of clothes from the shopping trip with Lexi. It seemed like a lifetime ago.I put on a new shirt, slicked my hair back, and put the rest of the clothes in a make-do carrying case formed from my tattered shirt from Mystic Fallsthe only item I still had from my old life.I glanced around the room, my eyes victorious in the familiar layers of dust in the corners. I wondered how many vampires had passed through this house and whether Lexi would find another young vampire to take under her wing. I hoped, for his sake as well as hers, that hed have a better time in this city of sin than I had had.Lexi was sitting in the alert room. In her hands was the portrait of her brother. As soon as I stepped in, she glanced up.Stefan, she said.Im sorry, I cut in. And I was, for all of it. For coming to New Orleans. For disruptin g her life. For bringing riskiness to the tiny spot of security the vampires had managed to carve out.Im not. It was a privilege to have you. Her gaze turned serious. Im sorry about Callieand about your brother.Hes not my brother anymore, I said rapidly.Lexi set down the portrait on the coffee table. Perhaps not anymore. But as you said yourself, he was for your whole human life. potty you remember that and forget the rest?I shrugged. I didnt want to remember Damon. Not now, not ever.Lexi crossed the room and put her hand on my arm. Stefan, deficient humans and your human life hurts. But it does get easier.When? I asked, my voice cracking slightly.She glanced back at the portrait on the table. Im not sure. It happens gradually. She paused, then laughed, the dense so innocent and lighthearted that I wanted to sit down and stay at the house forever. Let me guess. You want it to happen now.I smiled. You know me well.Lexi frowned. You need to learn to slow down, Stefan. You have an eternity ahead of you.A silence fell between us, the wordeternityclanging in my ears.With a jerk, I pulled Lexi into a hug, inhaled the solid aroma of our friendship, then sped out of the house without a glance back.Once outside, I chastised myself for my sentimentality. I had much to atone for, and feeling sorry for myself was self-indulgent. I paused at the spot on the street where Callie had died. There was no bloodstain, nothing to mark the fact that shed even existed. I knelt down, glancing over my shoulder before I kissed the pavement.Then I stood up and began to run, faster and faster. It was dawn, and the city was just waking up. Messenger boys zipped by on delivery bikes, and Union soldiers marched through the streets, their rifles nestled in their arms like infants. Vendors were already setting up on the sidewalk, and the air smelled like sugar and smoke.And, of course, like the tangy scent of blood and iron.I quickly reached the train station, where the platform was alr eady bustling. Men in morning coats sat on worn wooden benches in the waiting area, reading newspapers, while women nervously clutched their purses. The entire station had an air of festive transience. It was the perfect hunting ground. And before I could help it, my fangs protruded from my gums.Bowing my face into my hands, I counted to ten, fighting the hunger that raced through me and waiting for my teeth to click back into their human form.The whistle blew, and the train roared into the station, kicking up a cloud of dust and breaking me out of my reverie.I followed the soldier on board, wondering if he and his lover would experience a happy ending. I took solace in knowing, at least, that should they not, it would not be because of me. I entered the coach compartment.Ticket, sir? a conductor asked, holding out his hand.I locked eyes with him, my stomach turning with disgust at having to rely on my Power.Let me pass.I showed it to you, I said aloud. You must have forgotten.

Principle of Management Essay

From Scientific to AdministrativeBack around 1860, Henri Fayol, a then-young engineer, began working at a coal mine in France. While working at the mines, he noticed that managing the miners was not an easy job. Managing was not as effective as it could be. Managers had few resources and tools to better manage people. At the age, Frederick Winslow Taylor, founder of the school of scientific wariness, was making strides in maximizing productivity by focusing on the work and worker relationship. In other words, Taylor believed that there was a science to work. If workers worked more(prenominal) like machines, there would be increased productivity.Frederick Winslow Taylor founded the school of scientific management Unlike Taylors scientific management theory, Fayol believed that it was more than just work and workers. Managers necessary specific roles in order to manage work and workers. This became known as the administrative school of management and was founded on the six function s, or roles, of management1.Forecasting2.Planning3.Organizing4.Commanding5.Coordinating6.ControllingPrinciples 1-7These roles, use as a process, focused on the entire organization ratherthan just the work. Once broken down into sm whollyer parts, the six functions evolved into Fayols 14 Principles of Management. In this lesson, we will focus on the first seven principles1.Division of build2.Authority3.Discipline4.Unity of Command5.Unity of Direction6.Subordination of Individual Interests to the General Interest 7.RemunerationWhile Fayols 14 Principles of Management are not as widely used as they once were, it is important to understand how the foundation of administrative management theory was unquestionable to address the needs of the times. This macro approach was the first of its time. Lets not forget, Taylor did not focus on the human element. Henri Fayols principles of management focus on the human element His scientific approach to work focused on building a better, stronger , faster and more productive team through carnal elements. Fayol didnt see it that way. Fayol saw workers as humans possessing elements that required a more general approach to getting the work d star. He saw it as a whole organizational effort. Principles ExplainedLets take each principle and use examples to better understand how these principles work together to create an administrative management mindset. Lets use Fayol and the Principles, a rock bunch, to help us better understand the first seven of the 14 Principles of Management.1. Division of Work When employees are specialized, output can increase because they become increasingly skilled and efficient.Fayol and the Principles is made up of four members, including Fayol. Each great deal member specializes in a specific instrument or talent. Fayol is the lead singer, while the other members play instruments. The band is able to produce quality music because each performs the job in the band that he or she is most specialize d in. If we were to mix it up a bit and put Fayol onbass guitar and another member on singing neither of whom possesses the skill to perform the job the sound would be much different.2. Authority Managers must(prenominal) have the authority to break orders, but they must also keep in mind that with authority comes responsibility. Fayol and the Principles understand that they should specialize in their specific areas however, there needs to be a leader. Fayol assumes the role as leader and gives every iodin and only(a) orders. He says Play this. Do that. But with that comes responsibility. He knows that, whatever job he delegates to the band, he must make sure that the task is completed, that the task is done in a productive way and that it yields results. 3. Discipline Discipline must be upheld in organizations, but methods for doing so can vary.From time to time, the band members do not perform to Fayols standard. Even though Fayol looks at the organization as a whole organiz ational effort, he also knows that he must administer discipline for ineffectiveness. Two of Fayols band members decided to take a break from practice to play a competitive high of Pin the Tail on the Donkey. He must administer swift discipline in line with the offense. He also knows that there is no one discipline that can be levied against the band members. It must be done on a case-by-case basis. In this case, the two band members were penalized pay for the time spent playing a game when they should have been practicing for their show.4. Unity of Command Employees should have only one direct supervisor. Multiple people sometimes give orders. In the case of the rock band, Fayol is in charge. This is expressed by the name of the band and implied by the orderly way in which work is delegated. Fayol is the only soul to give direction.5. Unity of Direction Teams with the same objective should be working under the direction of one manager and using one plan. This will get a line tha t action is properly coordinated.Just like unity of command, it is important for Fayol to keep the band on asingle track, course or direction. wizard manager. One plan. One vision.6. Subordination of Individual Interests to the General Interest The interests of one employee should not be allowed to become more important than those of the group. This includes managers. Fayol knows how to maintain a balance betwixt personal endeavors and those of the greater good. Fayol and the Principles are a rock band. This is their purpose, their identity. If one of the members feels differently, regardless of how strongly he feels, this self-interest, or individual interest, is not more important than those of the band and its members. 7. Remuneration Employee satisfaction depends on fair remuneration for everyone. This includes financial and non-financial compensation. When it comes to payday, Fayol knows that he must pay the band and pay them fairly. This includes money and perks. It is tempt ing to take all of the backstage perks and keep them for himself, like free T-shirts and sodas, but by sharing the rewards, Fayol has a much more satisfied team.Lesson SummaryIn summary, Fayols 14 Principles of Management serve the organization as a whole. By dividing the work into specialized and specific jobs, workers are able to work more efficiently. Small management units who oversee functional areas of the organization are now able to assign work and hold workers accountable for their production. This makes it easier to measure productivity. Once a system of function is in place and productivity can be monitored, it is easier to determine who is performing and who is not performing. Managers are able to selectively and individually discipline workers who fall shortly of goals quickly and in the correct measure. Having just one manager assigned to a team takes away any task confusion. Workers have only one supervisor directing them. With only one supervisor directing work, it is easy to motivate employees to buy into one plan. This minimizes self-interest. With only one manager managing the work of one team, which shares one vision, compensating the team can be done fairly.

Kanye West

Kanye Omari due west was born June 8, 1977) is an American titty, singer, and record manufacturing business. westward get-go rose to fame as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records, where he eventually achieved recognition for his work on Jay-Zs record album The Blueprint, as well as hit unitys for musical artists including Alicia Keys, Ludacris, and Janet Jackson. His style of turnout originally used pitched-up vocal samples from soul songs incorporated with his own drums and instruments.However, subsequent productions saw him broadening his musical palette and expressing influences encompassing 70s R&B, baroque pop, shift hop, arena rock, folk, alternative, electronica, synth-pop, and classical music. 2 West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004, his second album Late Registration in 2005, his third album Graduation in 2007, his fourth album 808s & Heartbreak in 2008, and his fifth album My Beautiful Dark Twisted fantasize in 2010. His five albums, all of which ha ve g superstar(a) platinum, have received numerous awards, including a cumulative twelve Grammys,345 and critical acclaim. on the whole have been very commercially successful, with My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy becoming his fourth consecutive 1 album in the U. S. upon release. 7 West also runs his own record stigmatize GOOD Music, home to artists such as John Legend, Common and Kid Cudi. 8 Wests mascot and trademark is Dropout Bear, a teddy bear which has appeared on the covers of three of his five albums as well as various individual covers and music videos. 9 About. com ranked Kanye West 8 on their Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers list. 10 On May 16, 2008, Kanye West was crowned by MTV as the years 1 Hottest MC in the Game. 11On 17 December 2010, Kanye West was voted as the MTV Man of the Year by MTV. 12 Kanye Wests first career productions came on Chicago rapper Gravs 1996 debut album Down to Earth. West produced eight tracks on the album. season the album did not attract much attention and would be the only album released by Grav, West would soon be producing for higher profile artists. In 1998-1999 he produced for well known artists such as Jermaine Dupri, Foxy Brown, Goodie Mob, and the sort Harlem World. West got his big break in the year 2000 however when he began to produce for artists on Roc-a-Fella Records.He produced the well received Jay-Z song This Cant Be Life cancelled of the album The Dynasty Roc La Familia. West would later state that to create the beat for This Cant Be Life he sped up the drum beat from Dr. Dres song Xxplosive. 19 aft(prenominal) producing for Jay-Z earlier, Wests sound was featured heavily on Jay-Zs critically acclaimed album The Blueprint, released on September 11, 2001. 20 His work was featured on the lead single Izzo (H. O. V. A. ), Heart of the City (Aint No Love) and a diss track against Nas and Mobb Deep named Takeover West has worked with Mobb Deep and Nas since the tracks release.After meeting great commercial success and critical acclaim for his productions on The Blueprint, West became a sought after producer in the hep-hop industry, even before he became known as a rapper and solo artist. In the years 2002-2003 he would produce for artists such as Nas, Scarface, Talib Kweli, Mos Def, T. I. , Ludacris, DMX, and Monica. He also continued producing for Roc-a-Fella Records artists and contribued four tracks to Jay-Zs follow up album to The Blueprint, The Blueprint? The Gift & the Curse.After great successes as a producer, West now looked to pursue a career as a rapper and solo artist, but struggled to find a way to get a record deal. Chris Anokute, then A&R at Def Jam, said that when West on a regular basis dropped by the office to pick up his producer checks he would play demos of solo material to Anokute in his cubicle and bemoan the fact that no one was taking him seriously as a rapper. 21 Jay-Z admitted that Roc-A-Fella was initially reluctant to support West as a rapper, claiming th at he saw him as a producer first and foremost.Multiple record companies felt he was not as marketable as rappers who portray the street image prominent in hip hop culture. 19 Beginning his career as a rapper, Kanye West rapped a verse on Jay-Zs The Blueprint? The Gift & the Curse, an album he produced for, from the same label he was signed to as a rapper. At the start of his career, Kanye Wests production style often used pitched-up vocal samples, usually from soul songs, with his own drums and instruments. 20 His first major release featuring his trademark vocal sampling style was This Cant Be Life, a track from Jay-Zs The Dynasty Roc La Familia.West said he sped up the drum beat of Dr. Dres Xxplosive to use as a replacement for his drums on This Cant Be Life. 19 West has said that Wu-Tang Clan producer RZA influenced him in his style,1688 and has said on numerous occasions that Wu-Tang rappers Ghostface Killah and Ol Dirty Bastard were some of his all-time favorites, Wu-Tang? Me and my friends talk about this all the time We think Wu-Tang had one of the biggest impacts as far as a movement. From slang to style of dress, skits, the samples. Similar to the production style I use, RZA has been doing hat. 89RZA himself has spoken quite positively of the comparisons, stating in an interview for Rolling Stone, All good. I got super respect for Kanye. He came up to me about a year or two ago. He gave me mad praising and blessings For people to asseverate Wu-Tang inspire Kanye, Kanye is one of the biggest artists in the world. That goes back to what we say Wu-Tang is forever. Kanye is going to inspire people to be like him. 90 After hearing his work on The Blueprint, RZA claimed that a torch-passing had occurred between him and West, saying, The shoes gotta be filled.If you aint gonna do it, somebody else is gonna do it. Thats how I feel about rap today. 90 West accompanied by an eleven-piece chamber orchestra While his use of sampling has lessened over time, We sts production continues to feature distinctive and intricate string arrangements. This characteristic arose from him listening to the English trip hop group Portishead, whose 1998 live album Roseland NYC Live, with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra inspired him to incorporate string sections into his hip hop production.Though he was unable to afford live instruments beyond violin riffs provided by Israeli violinist Miri Ben-Ari around the time of his debut album, its subsequent commercial success allowed him to hire his very own eleven-piece string orchestra. For a time, West stood as the sole current pop star to tour with a string section. 2 West has stated on several occasions that external of work, he favors listening to rock music over hip-hop. He cites Franz Ferdinand, Red Hot Chili Peppers, and The Killers as some of his favorite musical groups.Additionally, on Graduation, West drew inspiration from arena rock bands such as U2, The Rolling Stones and Led Zeppelin for melod y and chord progression. 91 Both a fan and adept of indie culture, West uses his official website to promote obscure indie rock bands, posting up music videos and mp3s on a daily basis. 92 This musical chemical attraction is mutual, as West has collaborated with indie artists such as Santigold, Peter Bjorn and John and Lykke Li while his songs have gone on to be covered countless times by myriad rock bands.

War Horse

Intro Incredible. Beautiful. Emotionally amazing. I could not live without this book Ella from Hampshire. This was the best book I have ever read. Words cant describe how smashing it was. Just read it. Jordan from America. I thought struggle Horse was brilliant It is the most touching book I have ever read, and I would remember it to bothone, even if they arent animal lovers concurs Megan from Stafford. This is one of the best books I have ever read and I would recommend it to everyone as it not only touches the hearts of any animallover, but it also shows you the dreadful conditions of the First World War and the hardships they must have faced. Grace from England. This book was recommended to me by afriendand to personate it into a few words I loved it. I laughed and cried, I love reading. Jessica from Tam expense. Plot The story is narrated by the horse, Joey which I wasnt expecting.He tells the reader of his go out at the farm where he is raised by Albert, his experi ence in France during the war and of the friendships he makes along the way. He sees some awful things in France, a fair amount of death and hurt, but what shines through this book is love he has people care for him and he develops lovely friendships with many people in the book. He has Albert, the boy who raised him and trained him on the farm Topthorne, a fellow horse in war with him and Emilie, a little French misswho looks after both him and Topthorne whilst they are camped at her grandfathers farm.Friendship is the key factor in this book, and it can clearly be seen throughout the book. Told through the eye of the books protagonist, Joey the horse, the story manages to provide a neutral statement on the attrocities of war. Joey, a tall red thoroughbred who takes the breath away from anyone who looks at him, is taken from his stable in Devon and thrown into a war zone. Here he meetsfriendsand enemies, but the distinction between the dickens is not based on German vs English.He relates with those who are nice and fears those who threaten him. It is Joeys friendships that help make the book work as well as it does. Equestrian friend Topthorn offers foretaste when despair surrounds them whilst friendly officers and youthful German Emillie only have Joeys best interests at heart. It is Joeysrelationshipwith original owner Albert that is most touching, the two only being separated by the onslaught of war.The brave and hopeful language used throughout the book is inspiring, as is Joeys commitment to his friends. at that place are some truly worrying moments toward the end of the book whilst the vivid moments of battle bring the reality of war back to the reader. Joeys will and determination, possibly best signified in his unifying trip into no mans land, is inspiring and forms the crux of the book. Not just a childrens book, War Horse is a delightful, if rather harrowing, read, telling the story of friendship overcoming the horrors of war.Script-wise,War Ho rseis nothing to send you galloping home having seen a tightly drawn play. The joyous result youll feel at the end happens because of the magnificent puppets. There are various birds (vultures, songbirds and one sassy goose), but its the horses, of courses, that make this a ticket worth buying once for you, and a few more times as early Christmas presents foryourfriends and family. They wont require anything more.Designed by Adrian Kohler and Basil Jones for South Africas Handspring Puppet Company, Joey and his full-grown-horse co-star, Topthorn, are life-size, fair creations each puppeteered by three humans (Christopher Mai, Derek Stratton and Rob Laqui for the red thoroughbred Joey and Jon Hoche, Danny Beiruti and Aaron Haskell for the black beauty Topthorn). Puppets whose manipulators are in view of the audience (such as in bunraku, the closest style to what we get here) are a success when you stop noticing their humans. That happens surprisingly soon here. Almost immediately .The puppeteers, in costumes of the era like the other actors play human characters, move fluidly and cohesively as one gorgeous beast, which is a feat when you consider that the horse is exceedingly graceful for such a large mammal. The trey make the equine sounds together, and give Joey a distinct personality through movements of the ears, tail and head. Still, the play wouldnt be nearly as successful or commonplace without the sharp design and effortless maneuverability of the horse puppets. Theres an anti-war story here, but the bigger theme is the love story between man and animal. And ultimately, between audience and theatricality.

Multiplier and Accelerator Theory Essay

Multiplier and accelerator hypothesisThe Keynesians, have offered a demand side explanation of the business cycle. According to them, the fluctuations in output and interlocking in the country are caused by fluctuations in aggregate demand. The ups and downs in aggregate demand are caused by changes in the volume of enthronisation. The volume of investment is directly related to the marginal efficiency of capital. The investment increases in response to higher marginal efficiency of capital and decreases with the fall in the profit expectations of the entrepreneurs. The Keynesians further put forward the theory of multiplier which shows how the increase or decrease in investment causes multiplied changes in income and employment and thus heightens a manna or deepens a depression. The Keynesians failed as they did non explain the alternate(prenominal) nature of the ups and downs in business cycle. J. R. Hicks and Professor Samuelson put forward a new theory of business cycle na med as Multiplier and Accelerator Theory of business cycle.Multiplier and Accelerator TheoryAccording to J. R. Hicks and Samuelson, the multiplier alone cannot explain the cyclical nature of the business cycle. It is the interaction between the multiplier and accelerator that explains the emergence of different phases of business cycle.The multiplier tells us that a change in the aim of self-reliant investment brings about a relatively greater change in the level of national income. The accelerator theory states that the current investment spending depends positively on the expected future growth of real GDP. When real GDP growth is expected to be high, firms anticipate that their investment in plants and equipment ordain be profitable. They, therefore, increase their total investment spending.The concept of accelerator is not rival to the concept of multiplier. They are parallel concepts. The multiplier shows the effect of changes in autonomous investment to changes in income a nd employment. The accelerator shows the effect of changes in income to changes in induced investment. Professor Samuelson and J. R. Hicks model of multiplier accelerator offers quite satisfactory explanation of explaining turn of events points to business cycle.Interactive social function of multiplier and accelerator.The multiplier-accelerator interaction theory of business cycle is explained now in brief. Let us assume a certain(a) amount of autonomous investment is injected into the economy.This would generate an expansion of income manytimes greater than itself on account of the operation of the multiplier mechanism. The increase in income would drop dead to rise in demand for consumer goods. The increase in demand for consumer goods induces more investment in the capital goods industries. The increase in investment would be much more than the increase in demand for consumer goods owing to the operation of the accelerator. The interaction of the multiplier and accelerator sets in the upswing of the trade cycle.The rise in income and employment does not continue for a long time. The rise in income and employment progressively slows down. The reason is that the marginal propensity to consume starts declining with the rise in income in the up(a) swing of the business cycle. A decrease in consumption would result into a greater decrease in investment on account of bowl over works of the accelerator A decrease in investment would lead to a greater decrease in income on account of the reverse working of the multiplier In short the combination of reverse working of the accelerator and multiplier sets in downward swing in the business cycle.Interactive role of multiplier and accelerator Ala = Increase in autonomous investmentAla = Increase in autonomous investmentAy = Increase in incomeAid = Increase in induced investment v = Size of the accelerator

Depression and Suicide in Native American Adolescents Essay

slump and Suicide in natural American AdolescentsIntroduction The United States records the highest turn of events of both successful felo-de-ses as well as attempted felo-de-ses on an annual basis. harmonise to studies, 80 people empower self-destruction on a daily basis whereas emergency departments receive thousands of visits with cases of self-inflicted injuries (Ginsburg et al., 2008). Teenagers old 15-24 report the highest cases of successful suicide and suicide attempts. Native American teenagers make the largest percentage of these suicides. correspond to Gary (2005), form is the main reason why suicide related cases atomic number 18 ever on the rise in the US. This prove normally results from slack, which comes in different forms such(prenominal) as self-doubt, uncertainty astir(predicate) the future as well as strains of being successful. apart from providing an analysis on the high rate of depression and suicide among Native American adolescents, the study t alks about necessary measures that ought to be taken in a move to curb these suicide cases.Depression According to studies, depression is the act of feeling sad, this occurs when one is not satisfied with a certain outcome (Walls et al., 2007). Depressions could be disastrous if not handled in the right manner. For instance, a person experiencing depression is likely to commit a heinous act if appropriate measures are not taken to curb the situation. Lack of proper tutelage is the reason why nigh Native American youths are committing suicide in the United States. According to studies, many Native American teenagers become gloomy callable to a number of reasons, for instance, frequent family disputes as well as poor performance in schools (CDC, 2010). Native Americans deem incurred a number of problems throughout their lives. For instance, apart from exploitation, Native Americans have lived in adverse poverty for decades. This level of poverty has made it difficult for most par ents to offer their children quality education since most of them live in poor and unhealthy lifestyles (Listug-Lunde, Vogeltanz-Holm & Collins, 2013). High rate of poverty is the main reason why many Native American adolescents end up becoming depressed. collectible to poverty, youths are forced out of school, hence they spend most of the time working for the family in addition to quest low pay jobs in major cities. Since these youths spend most of the time outside the classroom, this result to poor performance, hence, low self-esteem (Gary, 2005). Dropping out of school is more lay waste to for girls compared to boys. This is because, these girls are likely to become pregnant and this makes life even more difficult for them, hence, this is the reason why girls are the most affected with depression compared to boys (NAMI, 2014). Due to the unhealthy lifestyles, Native American parents have higher chances of divorce compared to other races. Conflicts and separations among Native American parents in addition play a major role when it comes to depression among youths. When a family files for a divorce, life becomes even more difficult compared to how it was before the separation. It is through these challenges that most adolescents gradually develop the feeling of depression, making them commit brutish atrocities such as suicide.Suicide According to studies conducted by Balis and Postolache (2008), suicide comes third among the leading causes of deaths in adolescents residing in the United States. The reason why most American Native adolescents contemplate suicide is because they tend to believe it is the only solution to the challenges they incur. There are different methods in which suicide attempts are made. For instance, apart from asphyxiation by hanging, other common forms of suicide allow the use of poison as well as firearms (CDC, 2010). According to studies, most boys tend to use firearms when committing suicide whereas girls opt for poison or th e suffocation method. According to Gilder and Ehlers (2012), most teenagers contemplate suicide after undergoing major disappointments. Apart from strained interpersonal relationships, other factors that have contributed to high incidences of suicide cases among Native American teenagers include high level of stress. According to studies, Native American adolescents are likely to undergo high levels of stress that come as a result of divorce by parents. Girls opt to commit suicide after being victims of sexual or physical mistreat (Listug-Lunde, Vogeltanz-Holm & Collins, 2013). The reason why Native Americans have the highest reports of suicide incidences is due to the lack of favorable relations, which are of great importance especially during emotional changes (Gary, 2005). A good support network is essential since it acts as an outlet that helps them deal with the inner feeling. It is evident that people that are depressed commit most suicide attempts. According to studies, dep ression is usually considered a mental health disorder since it causes chemical imbalances within ones brain. These imbalances result to lethargy, despondency as well as general apathy towards ones life, hence, causing one to contemplate suicide (NAMI, 2014). Substance abuse is another main cause of suicide among Native American adolescents. Most youths start using illegal substances due to numerous challenges they undergo. Through peer pressure, youths are made to believe that drug abuse and expending of alcohol exit relieve them of their problems (Faye, 2005).Risk factors Suicidal incidences never occur out of blues, these victims display a number of signs. The reason why most of the suicides are successful is that most people notice these signs but they never take any precautionary measures. Studies show that firearms are the most used weapons among teenagers that commit suicide (CDC, 2010). The reason why guns are the most used weapons is due to their easy accessibility. Apart from firearms, adolescents have access to other items such as alcohol and force vehicles. some(a) of the signs shown by people contemplating suicide include sudden withdrawal from peers or family members as well as the loss of interest in activities that were enjoyable in the past. According to studies, people contemplating suicide tend to be more aggressive than usual (Gilder &Ehlers, 2012). Hence, it is the responsibility of family members and close peers to monitor people displaying such behavioral changes. These behaviors are rarely considered among the Native Americans and it is the reason why this tribe records the highest rate casualties. When it comes to risk factors associated with suicide attempts, ones genetic factor also plays a major role. According to Theodora and Teodor (2008), some dangerous thoughts are usually genetic. Hence, the suicidal history of ones family also pick outs to be put into consideration. Apart from behavioral changes, other factors that nee d consideration when focusing on risk factors includes gender, ethnicity ones and socioeconomic status. For instance, in the case of gender and ethnicity, boys are 5 times likely to commit suicide compared to their female counterparts. As for age, teenagers above 20 years are more likely to commit suicide compared to those aged 12 and below. Geographically, most cases of teenage suicide and usually experienced in the western states such as Alaska (Theodora & Teodor, 2008).Intervention/Treatment In order to sink the rate of suicide incidences among adolescents, appropriate intervention measures ought to be considered. For instance, families and peers need to monitor each other in a move to identify any behavioral changes that might arise. Early identification of behavioral changes is quite beneficial since it minimizes chances of successful suicidal attempts. Apart from monitoring behavioral changes, identification and minimization of risk factors is also of great importance. For i nstance, limiting the access of firearms as well as alcohol and drugs will result to a reduction in suicidal attempts (Theodora & Teodor, 2008). Youths need to be encouraged to participate in physical activities since it tends to reduce ones thoughts of contemplating suicide. Youths under the influence of drugs require proper attention since they are likely to commit heinous acts such as committing suicide. Such people ought to be placed under psychological or clinical care where they are to undergo refilling programs (NAMI, 2014). Family support plays a major role when it comes to minimizing the rate of youth suicidal attempts. Through family support, youths feel wanted and this results to minimal suicidal thoughts. Lack of family support increases the chances of suicidal attempts since these youths tend to believe that they are not wanted this is because they do not feel the parental love (Gilder & Ehlers, 2012). Another intervention measure is by educating youths about religious believes. Teaching teenagers about the Bible and Gods teaching will minimize suicidal attempts (Theodora & Teodor, 2008). This is because adolescents will realize that they are the children of God who loves them and will not be happy when they commit suicide since he has good plans for them. Though the Bible, teenagers will also learn how to pray to God and ask for strengths in times of temptations. Similarly, urgent medical attention needs to be sought on youths that are undergoing depression (NAMI, 2014).Conclusion Cases of teenage suicide in the US are ever on the rise. According to studies, 80 people commit suicide on a daily basis, most of them Native American teenagers. seek is one main factor that causes most youths to contemplate suicide. Most American Native youths become stressed after they drop out of school due to poverty, physical and sexual abuse as well as family wrangles such as divorce. Apart from suffocation by hanging, other common forms of suicide include poiso ning and the use of firearms. In order to minimize the rate of youth suicide, a number of risk factors ought to be put into consideration. For instance, apart from behavioral changes, family members need to look out for other traits such sudden withdrawal from family members and peers in addition to the sudden loss of interest in activities that were pleasurable in the past. Some of the intervention measures required in a move to curb youth suicide include the monitoring of behavioral changes, limiting the access of firearms and alcohol and seeking medical attention of youths experiencing depression. Finally, educating youths about the Bible and how to pray whenever they are faced with temptations will also reduce youths suicidal attempts.ReferencesBalis, T. & Postolache, T. (2008). Ethnic Differences in Adolescent Suicide in the United States. NCBI. 1(3) 281296. Retrieved on 9 December 2014 from http//www.healthandwelfare.idaho.gov/Portals/0/Families/Suicide%20Prevention/Native%20A merican%20Males/Reports/Suicide_in_Native_American_males_FINAL.pdfGary, F. A. (2005). Perspectives on Suicide Prevention among American Indian and Alaska Native clawren and Adolescents A Call for Help. Online Journal of Issues In Nursing, 10(2), 170-211. Retrieved on 9 December 2014 from http//web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=daf42f13-b168-42b7-b4388b238c57fed4%40sessionmgr4005&vid=37&hid=4104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb=aph&AN=17356288Gilder, D.& Ehlers, C. (2012). Depression Symptoms Associated with Cannabis Dependence in an Adolescent American Indian Community Sample. NCBI.21(6) 536543. Retrieved on 9 December 2014 from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498983/Ginsburg, G. S., Baker, E. V., Mullany, B. C., Barlow, A., Goklish, N., Hastings, R., &Walkup, J. (2008). Depressive Symptoms Among Reservation-based Pregnant American Indian Adolescents. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 12110-118. doi10.1007/s10995-008-0352-2Listug-Lunde, L., Vogeltanz-Holm, N., & Collins, J. (2013). A Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment For Depression In Rural American Indian Middle School Students. American Indian &Alaska Native psychological Health Research The Journal Of The National Center, 20(1), 16-34NAMI. (2014). Mental Illness. Retrieved on 9 December 2014 from http//www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=By_IllnessWalls, M. L., Chapple, C. L., & Johnson, K. D. (2007). Strain, Emotion, and Suicide among American Indian Youth. Deviant Behavior, 28(3), 219-246. doi10.1080/01639620701233100 man-made lake document

Effect of endorsement advertisement on rural vs. urban youth buying behavior Essay

In like a shots highly competitive markets, big brands argon at logger-heads when it comes to yields being offered, each having a confusable product to that of a rival. Where does one brand educe that quintessential advantage publicise, service, promise of trust, or nevertheless the all important price factors? Advertising seems to be the best platform where brands prefer to compete on right from hiring the best ad agencies to getting the biggest celebrities. distinction countenance is a special type of ad which includes a famous person from film fraternity, athletes, and sports, modeling world etc. It helps in promoting the Brand and similarly increasing the sales of the product.Celebrity endorsement has not developed in recent years, it is being employ since the days of Lux and Dabur Amla Hair Oil. This type of marketing strategy is partd to promote the Brand and has prove in itself a boon in advertising world. However, it is very expensive to endorse a eminence for a product barely in the long run it has helped in enhancing the Brand Image. Celebrities are in any case interested in endorsing themselves as they get highly compensated and their visibility also change magnitude.Infact several celebrities from bollywood use these advertizements for Promoting their new releases and also vice-versa. India is a country where people are principal sum-struck by film stars, cricketers, politicians, and even criminals. wherefore? Population of 1 billion and ticking, everyday people need something or someone to look up to. A sense of security, admiration, comfort, familiarity, and above all, someone they aspire to be at some hidden aim in their lives. And clever marketers leverage this very honor appeal and are successfully carrying out their jobs by giving the bottom lines of all the brands what they want profit, market share and even recall. But how much star top executive is too much?Does Amitabh really use Boro Plus And Does Salman caravansa ry really uses Wheel asked a 6 year old to her mother. Her mother laughs and says, No way, just a gimmick. What does that do to the brand? many companies take on had considerable success using celebrities as spokesperson, both(prenominal) contributor image serve as mediators in the equity-creation process of repute product endorsement (Seno and Lukas, 2007). Product mental attitude was predicted by inferences about the endorsers liking for the product and by attitudes towards the endorser (Silvera and Austad, 2004).When however respondents are exposed to negative education about a celebrity endorser, a negative carry-over of affect in the endorsement kindred whitethorn also occur. When the situation is reversed and the respondents are exposed to negative assureation about the brand, the transference of affect is mitigated (White et al., 2009). Businesses have long sought to distract the attention of the potentials customers that live in a world of ever increasing commercial bombardment.Everyday consumers are exposed to thousands of voices and images in magazines, newspaper, and on billboards, websites, piano tuner and television. Every brand attempts to steal a fraction of an unsuspecting persons time to inform him or her of the amazing and different attributes of the product at hand. Because of the constant media saturation that most people control daily, they eventually become numb to the standard marketing techniques. The challenge of the marketer is to hook the subjects attention.3This is true for the classic forms of celebrity, like Film Stars (eg. Amitabh Bachchan, Shahrukh caravan inn, Rani Mukherjee, Aamir Khan and Pierce Brosnan). Models (e.g., Malaika Arora, Lisa Ray , Naomi Campbell, Gisele Buendchen etc)., Sports Figures (e.g., Sachin Tendulkar, Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Virander Sehwag, Rahul Dravid, Zaheer Khan , Steve Waugh, etc). Entertainers (e.g. Cyrus Broacha, Oprah deliver the goodsfrey, Conan OBrien), and Pop-Stars (e.g., Madonna, David Bowie) but also for less obvious groups like Businessmen (e.g., Donald Trump, Bill Gates) or politicians.Celebrities step forward in public in different ways. First, they appear in public when fulfilling their profession, e.g., Viswanathan Anand, who plays chess in search of the audience. Further, celebrities appear in public by attending special celebrity events, e.g., award ceremonies, inauguration or world premier of movies. In addition, they leave themselves in news, fashion, magazines, and tabloids, which provide second information on events and the clannish life of celebrities through mass-media channel (e.g., Smriti Irani being regular feature in various publications). Last but not the least, celebrities act as spokes-person in advertising to promote products and services, which is referred to celebrity endorsement.For Instance Vodafone signed Irfan Khan for advertisement of Sim cards. Tennis sensation Sania Mirza was appointed to increase the sales of Bournvita energy drinks. ITC roped in Deepika Padukone for promotion of its whip named Fiama di Wills. Famous Brand Veet roped in Katrina Kaif as its Brand ambassador. Shahrukh Khan has been chosen by Big Brands for their advertizement which includes Dish TV and Airtel. M.S Dhoni and Baichung Bhutia for Project Tiger of Aircel. Companies spend huge amount of money on Celebrities to change anything from a cigarettedy, hair oil, flogs, colas, pens, paints, automobiles etc. Most companies know that celebrities have an appeal and a Brand burn d birth be best helped to reach out to the masses.42.0 REVIEW OF LITERATUREThe use of testimonials by advertisers dates spine to the 19th century when medicines were patented. Firms have been juxtaposing their brands and themselves with celebrity endorsers (e.g., athletes, actors) in the hope that celebrities may boost effectiveness of their marketing. The belated 80s saw the beginning of celebrity endorsements in advertising in India.Hindi film and TV stars as well as sportspersons began encroaching on a territorythat was, until then, the exclusive domain of models. There was a spurt of advertising, featuring stars like Tabassum (Prestige pressure cookers), Jalal Agha (Pan Parag), Kapil Dev (Palmolive Shaving Cream) and Sunil Gavaskar (Dinesh Suitings). Of course, probably the first ad to cash in on star power in a strategic, long-term, mission statement kind of way was for Lux soap always endorsing the latest hit actress. A brand which has, perhaps as a result of this, been among the filch three in the country for much of its lifetime.Today, the use of celebrity advertising has become a move and a winning formula of corporate image building and product marketing. It provides empirical evidence demonstrating that attitudes can be affected in such(prenominal) a way.The trespass of Tiger Woods tournament functioning on the endorsing firms value subsequent to the contract signing was examined. No birth was engraft amidst Tigers tournament placement and the excess returns of Fortune brands. No significant relationship was found for American Express, suggesting the market does not view a golfer endorsing financial services as credible. However, a electropositive relationship and significant impact of tigers performance on Nikes excess returns was found suggesting that the market values the additional publicity that Nike receives when Tiger is in contention to win (Farrell et al., 2000).Some marketers choose to utilize multiple celebrities to promote their Brands. Fit between the endorsed product and various celebrities is a key factor for using multiple celebrity endorser in advertising (Hsu et al., 2002). The use of celebrity endorser in advertising is wide spread as much as 20 percentage of all advertising use some type of celebrity endorser. Marketers invest significance dollars in securing the promotional support of well-known individuals (Till, 1998).Products which are ultimately sold by retai lers are endorsed more frequently by celebrities in certain sports than others (Lear et al., 2009). The wideness of fit between the endorser and the endorsed product has been described as the matchup Hypothesis, explore has foc utilize on physical attraction (Till and Busler 1998).Celebrities can be used to gain attention and maintain sales, while spokespersons effectiveness is in establishing a lifelong get in touch with the product (Tom et al., 1992).5The perusal of above mentioned studies makes it very clear that endorsements advertisement does have strong impacts on consumers. The present tense paper has taken a leaf from these studies and has proceeded for an empirical investigation, into a Region-Wise Impact of Celebrity visage which is presented subsequently.3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGYResearch troubles tend to be different from one another and so it requires own special emphasis and different approach. Since the entire research problem is unique in some ways, the research process has to be typically customized. All the steps adopted in the research have been expand in the following sections.3.1 Statement of the problemThe present paper aims at finding the extent to which endorsement advertising has been successful to influence the buyer behaviour across urban and artless groups. The research problem investigated herein has been precisely defined asEffectiveness of Endorsement advertizement on awkward vs. urban Youth buying behaviour.3.2 Objectives1. To theme the likeability of the endorsement advertising.2. To employment as to what extent endorsement advertising impact the consumer behaviour towards endorsed Brands.3. To comparatively study the Impact of endorsement advertisement on arcadian vs. urban Buyer Behaviour.3.3 HypothesisIn order to ensure effective analysis and understanding of data imperturbable for the purpose of this study, the following hypothesis have been framed 1 H0There is no specific impact of celebrity endorsements in Ad vertising on Youth.2 H1 There is no significant difference between urban and Rural Youth with respect to effectiveness of endorsement in advertising.3.4 Research DesignThe present research is descriptive in nature as it aims at comparatively studying whether endorsement advertising has an impact on Youth buyer behaviour. It also aims to find out as to what type of consumers in terms of locality is more6influenced by endorsements. Information has been collected from the respondent with the help of a structured questionnaire. The universe of the study is the state of Haryana covering both cities and small villages. Since it was not feasible to study the entire region, the researcher drew a sample.3.5 Sampling Design and Sampling TechniqueNine degree Celsius eighty questionnaires were administered. Fifty questionnaires were found to be incomplete and hence were excluded in the final data. Therefore, data from nightclub hundred thirty respondents have been collected and analyzed. Due care has been taken to ensure that enough consequence of urban and Rural respondents be included in the sample.3.6 Data Collection MethodIn the present study, Structured Questionnaire method has been used to collect the data. In some case, particularly in case of semi-literate/ untaught respondents, personal interview technique was used to draw out information as per the questionnaire.3.7 Scaling of ItemsA five point Likerts scale from Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree was used to circular the response to each statement (Items).3.8 Tools of Data AnalysisThe data collected have been duly tabulated and classified. thereafter it has been analyzed with the help of simple percentage technique to describe the present status of respondents. Chi-square test has been used by the researcher to study the association between various variables as well as to study the association between quantitative and qualitative variables.7Table 1.1PROFILE OF RESPONDENTSSr.No percentageNPercent24341.3912 636.7336939.6720-2418431.3411633.8130032.2524-282)N16-201) compose ofRespondentsAge (in yrs)urban (587)16027.25hundred and one29.4426128.06LocationRural (343)UrbanTotal (930)PercentRuralN%N%58763.1134336.89Percent3)OccupationNPercentN197141144 one hundred five33.5624.0224.5317.88997888784)StudentsSelf-EmployedBusinessHousewife genderN%56.98NPercent28.8629622.7421921.2822916.90183FemaleMale530NN400%43.02 interpretation1) The Profile of respondents as depicted in Table 1.1 shows that majority of them i.e. 243 respondents almost 42% fall in the folk of age bracket of 16 to 20 years.2) As the study was done to take the opinion of both Urban and Rural audience the data collected revealed 587 (63.11 %) respondents from urban areas as compared to 343 (36.89%) respondents from rural areas and suburb have been studied. 3) Majority of the respondents who were a part of this analyse constituted of students (31.82%), followed by Businessman (24.62%) and Self-employed (23.54%). 4) Due importan ce was given to take response from both male and female respondents and hence 400 (43.02%) females participatedin this survey as against 530 (65.98%) males.831.8223.5424.6219.67ANALYSISS =Sample Standard DeviationXU = 29.91XR = 28.34nU = 587SU = 8.49SR = 7.82nR = 343H 1 = 2 (i.e. there is no significant difference between Urban & Rural with respect to effectiveness of endorsement in advertising)H1 1 = 2(Two tail test)USING Z TESTAt 5% level of significance, the critical value of Z = 1.96 for two tail test. Since calculated value is greater than critical value (Table-value) ofZ, we preclude H in favour of H1 and conclude that there is a significant difference between Urban & Rural with respect to effectiveness of endorsement in advertising.9Table 1.2Distribution of Respondents as Regards positioning IndicatorsSr.IndicatorsStrongly AgreeAgreeNeutralDisagreeStronglyNo.DisagreeUrban2)3)4)5)6)7)8)Celebrity advert ismore noticeable.Celebrity advertizementhave high recallrate.Celebrity Advertisementpositivelymotivatesaudience forproduct purchase.Audience enjoyswatchingCelebrityAdvertisement.Audience havepositive attitudetowards producthaving CelebrityAdvertisement.CelebrityAdvertisementare rememberedfor a long time.Use of CelebrityAdvertisementenhances thecredibility ofBrands.CelebrityAdvertisement isused when brandperformance ispoor.10UrbanRuralN %1)Rural Urban RuralNN %N %% N % N %214 23.0 170 18.2 97 10.4 48NRural% N %RuralN%N%5.18846 4.9 101 10.8314.3143 15.3 ampere-second 10.7 117 12.5 62 6.67 103 11.0 495.2123 10.2 67 7.2 101 10.8656.9147 15.8103 11.0 123 13.2 102 10.9 114 12.2 343.6 blow 9.78.8546.35.91 110 11.870 7.5 112 12.0707.5140 15.05 103 11.0 114 12.2 102 10.9 118 12.6 343.6108 11.650 5.3 107 11.5545.8165 17.74 111 11.9 139 14.9 101 10.8 100 10.7 505.3795 10.240 4.30 889.4414.4147 15.87.4 120 12.9 70 7.52 120 12.9 849.03 100 10.760 6.4 100 10.7606.4120 12.90 100 10.7 140 15.0 76 8.17 128 13.7 515.48 104 11.161 6.5 105 11.2555.9694.385 9.13 559.4Urban 9.3 48180 19.35 108 11.6 100 10.7 405.1 87Urban50 6.4 1039)10)11)12)13)CelebrityAdvertisementignores product role/feature.Customers onlyremembercelebrities & notbrands inAdvertising.Use of Celebrityin advertisementincrease the embodyof brand sold inmarket. badlyperformingcelebrity affectsthe brandperceptionnegatively.Social ideas maybe promoted wellby celebrities.11154 16.5919.7 100 10.7 656.9 118 12.6 778.211011.8 55 5.9 10511.2 555.9150 16.2cxxxv 14.5 126 13.5 9410.1 120 12.9 505.379510.2 25 2.6 9610.3 394.1200 21.5115 12.3 one hundred forty-five 15.5 808.06 909.6 404.3778.2 43 4.62 758.06 656.9194 20.8103 11.0 131 14.0 768.17 102 10.9 697.419510.2 35 3.7 656.9606.4146 15.6109 11.7 132 14.1 104 11.1 133 14.3 576.13919.7 33 3.5 859.13 404.3ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION1) According to the analysis Shown in the table 1.2 it was found that majority 529 (56.88%) of the respondents including 311 (33.44%) from Urban ingredient and 218 (23.44%) from Rural incision were in the favor of this statement and hence it was proved that celebrity advertisement is morenoticeable.2) Analysis of twinkling indicator shows that majority of the respondents 422 (45.37%) including 260 (27.95%) from Urban segment and 162 (17.41%) from Rural segment intend that celebrity advertisement do have high recall rate. 3) As can be analyzed in table 1.2 it is seen that 475 (51.07%) respondents including 270 (29.03%) from Urban segment and 205 (22.04%) from Rural segment strongly feel that if the product is being endorsed by any celebrity it motivates the audience for purchasing that product.4) Analysis shows that 428 (46.02%) respondents including 280 (30.10%) from Urban segment and 148 (15.91%) from Rural segment enjoys watching celebrity advertisement as it is evident from the above interpretation. 5) However, it was also seen that a total of 459 (49.35%) respondents which included 254 (27.31%) from Urban Segment and 205 (22.04%) from Rural segment do have positive attitude towards product having celebrity advertisement and they enjoyed watching such advertisements.6) Study revealed this fact that majority 516 (55.48%) of respondents including 304 (32.68%) From Urban Segment and 212 (22.79%) from Rural segment mat that celebrity advertisements are remembered for a long time as they have a strong appeal in the minds of consumers and consumers agree the products by their favourite celebrity.7) According to the study conducted it was found 406 (43.65%) respondents including 267 (28.70%) from Urban segment and 139(14.94%) from Rural segment believe that generally celebrity advertisements enhance the credibility of the brands.128) Analysis revealed that 436 (46.88%) respondents including 260 (27.95%) from Urban segment and 176 (18.92%) from Rural segment felt that companies generally used celebrity advertisements when their brands performance is poor and it is difficult for them to sustain their brand in the market. 9)It was evident from the study that 410 (44.08%) resp ondents including 254 (27.31%) from Urban segment and 156 (16.77%) from Rural Segment felt that that Celebrity Advertisement ignores product quality or any kind of features in it. 10)Accordingly it was found that 505 (54.30%) customers including 276 (29.67%) from Urban segment and 229 (24.62%) from Rural segment only remember the celebrity in that advertisement and somehow tends to forget the brand this shows the power of Celebrities which generally overshadows the Brand.11) According to the study conducted it was found that majority of the respondents 540 (58.06%) including 345 (37.09%) from Urban segment and 195 (20.96%) from Rural segment felt that if a celebrity is used to advertise a product it however means that it will increase the cost of brand in the market.12) However with reference to the study conducted majority of the respondents 504 (54.19%) including 325 (34.94%) from Urban segment and 179 (19.24%) from Rural segment felt that a poor performing celebrity does affect t he brand perception negatively even if it is their favorite actor, actress or cricketer. 13) According to the study conducted majority of the respondents 491(52.73%) including 278 (29.89%) from Urban segment and 213 (22.90%) from Rural segment felt that the celebrities are perfect alibi when it comes to promoting social ideas.N.B- All the figures mentioned in the above Analysis & adaptation is the accumulation of Strongly Agree and Agree Variables.13Table 1.3TABLE OF INTERPRETATIONLevel of consequence .05ATTITUDE INDICATORS1) Celebrity Advertisement is morenoticeable.2) Celebrity Advertisement have highrecall rate.3) Celebrity Advertisement positivelymotivates audience for product purchase.4) Audience enjoys watching CelebrityAdvertisement.5) Audience have positive attitude towardsproduct having Celebrity Advertisement.6) Celebrity Advertisements areremembered for a long time.7) Use of Celebrity Advertisementenhances the credibility of Brands.8) Celebrity Advertisement is used wh enbrand performance is poor.9) Celebrity Advertisement ignores productquality/feature.10) Customers only remember celebrities& not brands in Advertising.11) Use of Celebrity in advertisementincrease the cost of brand sold in market.12) Poorly performing celebrity affects thebrand perception negatively.13) Social ideas may be promoted well bycelebrities.14CHI-SQUARE VALUE20.54Hypothesis pass judgment4.28303 current22.4396Accepted5.05116Accepted29.466Accepted9.402Accepted3.9368Accepted64.66Accepted2.349Accepted37.745Accepted8Accepted13.67623Accepted19.764AcceptedDECLARATIONThis is to certify that the paper is the original work of the authors and has not been submitted elsewhere. For anyviolation of the copyrights, the author shall can the soleresponsibility.Signature(1st author)15(2nd author)BIBLIOGRAPHY ledgers and other Articles1) Brian D.Till (1998) Using celebrity endorsers effectively lessons from associative learning Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol 7, No. 5, Pp 400 -409.2) Brian D.Till, Michael Busler (1998) Matching products for endorsers attractiveness versus expertise Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol 15, No. 6, Pp 576-586.3) Chung-kue Hsu, Daniella Mcdonald (2002) An examination on multiple celebrity endorser in advertising Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol 11, No. 1, Pp 19-29.4) Darin W.White, Lucretia Goddard, knap Wilbur (2009) the effect of negative information transference in the celebrity endorsement relationshipInternational diary of retail & distribution Management, Vol 37, No. 4, Pp 322-335.5) David h.Silvera, Benedikte Austad (2004) Factors predicting the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement advertisements European Journal of Marketing, Vol 38, No. 11/12, Pp 1509-1526.6) Diana Seno, Bryan A.Lukas (2007) The equity effect of product endorsement by celebrities A conceptual framework from a co-branding side European Journal of Marketing, Vol 41, No. 1/2, Pp 121-134.7) Kathleen A.Farrell, Gordon V.Karels, Kenneth W. Montfort (2000) Celebrity performance and endorsement value the case of tiger woods Managerial Finance, Vol 26, No. 7, Pp 1-15.168) Karen E.Lear,Rodney C.Runyan,William H.Whitaker (2009) Sports celebrity endorsements in retail products advertising International journal of retail & distribution management, Vol 37, No. 4, Pp 308-321.9) Gail Tom, Rebecca Clark, Laura Elmer, Edward Grech, Joseph Masetti, Jr., Harmona Sandhar (1992) The use of created versus celebrity spokespersons in advertisements Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol 9, No. 4, Pp 45-51.Media1) Set grievous bodily harm viewed From 12th March 2010-17th March 2010.2) Star Gold viewed From 9th March 2010- 14th March 2010.3) Zee plastic film viewed From 2nd March 2010- 6th March 2010.4) Channel V viewed From 18th Feb 2010- 24th Feb 2010.5) NDTV News Viewed From thirteenth March 2010- 17th March 2010.

American History Coursework

Andrew Jacksons approaching to power, his election in 1828 and the inauguration that followed was a diminutive moment when a egalitarian spirit took possession of American farming and public life. But the democratic movement was too large and wide to be reflected perfectly in the rise of a superstar deceaseer, however influential he might be. But before looking at Jacksons role and in the national arena where he played this out, I think we penury to get word the wider scope of opinion that moody America in a more democratic coordinateion and do Jacksons rise possible.During the 1820s and 30s the term democracy first gear became in use as a way of describing how American institutions were supposed to work. The Founders had defined democracy as direct rule by the masses of the peck most of them rejected this approach to government because it was against their conception of a well balanced republic led by a natural aristocracy. For winners of popular government in the Jacks onian occlusion the commonwealth were truly sovereign and could do no wrong. The percentage of the people is the voice of God was the clearest expression in this principle.Conservatives were less certain of the knowledge of the common folk. But even they were coming to see that public opinion had to be won over before major policy decisions could be do. Besides giving a feeling of popular sovereignty the democratic movement seemed to stimulate a process of kind of like a kind equality. Earlier Americans had usually assumed that the rich and wellborn should be treated with special respect and recognized as natural leaders of the community and guardians of its culture and values.By the 1830s there was a disappearance of inherited social ranks and clearly defined aristocracies or privilege groups was a radical feature of democracy in America. The election of 1828 saw the birth of a impertinently era of mass democracy. Jacksons presidency started with his endorsement of rotation of officeh superannuateders or the spoils system. He was the first chair to defend this practice as a legitimate application of democratic doctrine. Jackson to a fault established a natural kind of relationship with the cabinet.Under some a nonher(prenominal) administrations, cabinet officers had acted on their own responsibility, making major policy decisions and advising Congress on legislation without presidential direction. They would serve for the full term of the president who selected them. Key questions affecting the government as a whole had often been decided by a majority vote of cabinet. All of that changed when Jackson came into power and when he came into office he reorganized the cabinet. The Whigs were a brand- sassy national party that got its name because of its associations with both English and American Revolutionary op lay out to purple power and standards.But the briny force of their creation was because of the critical support from southern proponents o f states rights who had been upset by the policy-making nationalism of Jacksons stand on nullification and his unconstitutional abuses of power in his withdrawal method of federal deposits from the Bank of the U. S. Jacksons presidency was marred with many scandals and im culted ideals. But in my opinion how he handled the western expansion gave him an F on being a president. The example I want to use is the Trail of Tears and the ruthless land grabbing his administration was known for. extension phone Latner, Richard B.The governing body of Andrew Jackson White House Politics, 1829- 1837. A hences University of Georgia Press, (1979). 2) Discuss industrialization of the North during the antebellum occlusion There are few developments in all of human history as important as the Industrial Revolution. This great movement created wealth, material goods, and services on a scale unimaginable to the people of any earlier society. It created the resources to bequeath a precedentable standard of living for virtually the entire society, and stands of education, aesculapian care, and nutrition unknown anywhere in the world before.Just as important was the contri scarcelyion of the millions of men and women who made up the crunch force in the new factory system. Industrialization had some unfortunate social consequences as well as beneficial economic ones, and the history of get the picture was not necessarily characterized by steady improvement in all wages or particularises. A number of factors determined the condition of workers in a particular intent. Among them were the available supply of aim, the skills necessary to a particular job, the type of constancy in which one was employed, and the attitudes of courts and together governmental agencies towarfared toil and business.During much of our industrial history, the economic theory that considered labor a commodity whose value would fluctuate with supply and demand, just as the cost of raw materials or manufactured products might, dominated American thinking. The first half of the nineteenth century is an particularly interesting period in American labor history. During those years, industrialization with its substantial technological innovations and the introduction of the factory system of labor happened affectionately. Yet there was a wide spread fear or distrust for the new machinery and the new spirit of industrial growth.There was also a well established social philosophy as to the position of classes, the responsibilities of the employer and the roles of men and women in the labor force and in the home. Such deep social beliefs are not easily removed and still slowly were they modified to meet the demands of the new industrialism. One interesting baptismal font of labor history during this period is the way in which some of the new capitalists attempted to reconcile the old social philosophy of the paternalistic employer and his responsibility for the worker with the factory system of labor and the introduction of women workers. both(prenominal) of the women of the period extended their concerns to areas such(prenominal) as the antislavery crusade after they had become inflamed by the discrimination they experience as women. Many other first began working in abolition and humanitarian reform movements and turned their attention to the womens rights crusade only after discovering that their meddling in these area evoked taunts and threats of women in public affairs. Their reforms ranged from dress styles that afforded more freedom to equality in marriage, law, and employment. Women entered industry, journalism, medicine, teaching and in many other areas.But th unrulyout the nineteenth century the majority of American women still saw their roles as those of wives and mothers. Females were still pass judgment to devote all of their time and strength to providing a home for their husband and children. To write or welt in political causes was unf eminine. Despite the reforms of the Jacksonian period, there is little evidence of substantial changes in either male or female attitudes towards women. Reference strugglee, Norman. The Industrial Worker 1840-1860. Peter Smith 1959, (1924). 3) Discuss the farming(prenominal) economics of the southbound during the antebellum period southernmosterners became increasely alarmed by their regions lack of economic self-sufficiency. Dependence on the North for capital, marketing facilities, and manufactured goods were seen as evidence of a dangerous subservience to external economic interests. Southern nationalists called for the South to develop its own industries, commerce, and shipping. Southerners did not believe that such diversification would require a massive shift to free wage labor. They saw no reason why slaves could not be used as the main work force in an industrial revolution.Men with capital were doing too well in plantation kitchen-gardening to ask their money in other ventures. I think it would be difficult to determine whether it was some inherent characteristic of slavery as a labor system or simply the strong market demand for cotton and the Souths capacity to meet it that kept most slaves working on plantations and farms. A minority of round 5 percent during the 1850s were successfully employed in industrial tasks. Besides providing most of the labor for mining, lumbering, and constructing roads, canals and railways slaves also worked in cotton mills and tobacco factories.In the 1840s and 50s a ponder raged among white capitalists over whether the South should use free whites or enslaved blacks as the labor supply for industry. slightly wanted to defend a white labor policy arguing that factory work would provide new economic opportunities for a degraded class of poor whites. But others that were for industrialization feared that the growth of a free working class would lead to social troth among whites and preferred using slaves for all supervise manual labor. Some factories employed slaves, others white workers and a few even experimented with integrated work forces.As well as con be determined, mills that hired or purchased slave labor were just as profitable and efficient as those paying wages to whites. By 1800 slavery had been eliminated in the North and in 1808 Congress banned the further importation of slaves from Africa. Although some illegal importations continued, other factors primarily accounted for the extraordinary need and expansion of slavery in the nineteenth century. One factor was the invention of the cotton gin which allowed the quick cleaning of as much cotton as the slaves could pick.A second contribution was the acquisition of vast new territories beyond the Mississippi River, which created a market for slaves and gave rise to the domestic slave trade within the get together States. Between 1820 and 1860 the slave population increased by more than 400,000, Southern planters found slavery to be economically profitable. There was also the high birth rate among African Americans and before the complaisant War there were four million black people lived as permanent, hereditary slaves.This formed the chief labor force from tobacco fields of Virginia to the cotton fields of Alabama, blacks were very important to southern agriculture and to fragmentize other parts of the southern economy. As chattels, bought and sold like livestock, they were an easily marketable property that could suffer ready cash to the slave owner. Slaves brought with them their own culture and beliefs that when considering the size of the population did influence, and one could say, Africanized the South. Reference Owens, Leslie H. This Species of property Slave Life and Culture in the Old South. naked York Oxford University Press, (1976). 4) Discuss some of the major events which intensified the conflict amid the North and South.. Many have looked for the reason in the crisis that worked up to the disruption of the Union, but have failed to agree on exactly what they were. Some have said it was the clash of economic interests between agrarian and industrializing regions. But this does not reflect the way people at the time expressed their concerns. The main issues in the sectional debates of the 1850s were whether slavery was right or wrong and whether it should be extended or contained.Many disagreements over protective tariffs and other economic measures allegedly benefiting one section or the other were only secondary. It has never really been clear why the interests of northern industry and those of the Souths commercial agriculture were irreconcilable. There was really no reason for producers of raw materials to go to war with those who marketed or processed them. Some have blamed the crisis on irresponsible politicians and agitators on both sides as being the problem. But the innovational view has the roots lying in the ideological differences over the morality and use of slavery as an institution.Increased tension during the Mexican War began because the Constitution had not predetermined the status of slavery in future states and led to the Missouri crisis that resulted in compromise that was designed to decide future cases and remain a rough division between slave and free states by drawing a line between them and extending it west through the unsettled portions of what was them American soil. When Texas was admitted as a slave state, northern expansionists could still look to operating room to counter balance, but the Mexican war raised the prospect that California and New Mexico would be acquired and then what.Then with the free-soil crusade and the proposed amendment to the military appropriation bill that would ban slavery in any soil that would be acquired from Mexico trouble began to brew. A chain of events in late 1859 and early 1860 turned southern worry about northern attitudes and policies into a crisis of fear. These events a larmed slaveholders because they appeared to threaten their safety and dominance in a new and direct way. The first was the incident of John Browns raid on Harper Ferry.Brown was a fervent abolitionist who had shown in Kansas the he was prepared to use violence against the enemies of black freedom. Browns aim was to arm the local slave population to commence a guerrilla war from havens in the Appalachians that would eventually extend to the plantation regions of the lower south. After Brown was sentenced to be hung Southerners were stunned and outraged by the outpouring of intellect and admiration that Brown got from the North before his execution.Southerners interpreted the wave of northern sympathy as an expression of the majority of opinion and the real attitude of the North. Then there was Lincolns election that provoked the secession of seven states of the Deep South even though it did not lead immediately to an armed conflict. After Lincolns election there were doubts as to i f he could do the job because of his lack of experience and with the collapse of compromise efforts only increased the tensions that brought this country closer to the well-behaved War.But probably the most important reason for the south to be so upset was because of Lincolns belief in ending slavery, a very important factor in Southern life. Reference Donald, David H. Liberty and Union. Boston Little, Brown, and Co. , (1978). 5) Why was the Confederacy unsuccessful in establishing its Independence By early 1863 the abetter _or_ abettor economy was in shambles and its diplomacy with England had collapsed. The social order of the South was also showing signs of unrelenting strain.Masters were losing control of their slaves, and non slaveholding whites were becoming disillusioned with the hardships of a war that some of them described as a rich mans war and a poor mans fight. As slaves fled from the plantations, increasing numbers of lower-class whites deserted the army or refused to be drafted in the first place. Whole counties in the southern backcountry became deserter havens. Appalachian mountaineers, who had remained loyal to the Union, resisted the confederacy more directly by mounting a small scale war behind southern lines.Yet the North was slow to capitalize on the Souths internal weaknesses because of its own serious morale problems. The long series of defeats on the eastern search had engendered war weariness and the new policies that military necessity forced the government to adopt encountered fierce opposition. The stomach two and a half year of the struggle saw the implementation of more radical war measure. The most important of them was the Norths attempt to follow through with Lincolns passion to free the slaves and bring the black population into the fight on the Union side.The battle turned in the summer of 1863, but the south continued to resist for 2 more years until it was overtaken by the lading of the Norths advantages in manpower and resources. The limits of the Jeffersonian vision were very apparent even to contemporaries. The people who spoke of equality often owned slaves. It was not surprising that leaders of the Federalist Party accused the Republicans, especially those who lived in the South of hypocrisy and in Massachusetts Federalists defined Jeffersonian democracy as a plantation owner with many slaves.The race issue simply would not go away. Jeffersonian did not fulfill even their own expectations. As members of an opposition party during the presidency of John Adams, they insisted upon a tight interpretation of the Constitution. Large navies were vital in the scramble for colonies, and in the 1870s the United States had almost no navy. One of the most powerful fleets in the world during the Civil War, the American navy fell into speedy decline.With the military effort to seize control of the Mississippi Valley halted at Shiloh, the Union navy shortly contributed dramatically to the pursuit. On April 26th a fleet under flag officer David Farragut, coming up from the Gulf, captured the port of New Orleans after boldly running past the forts below the city. The occupation of New Orleans, besides securing the moth of the Mississippi climaxed a series of naval and amphibious operations around the edges of the Confederacy that had already succeeded in Capturing South Carolinas Sea Islands and North Carolinas Roanoke Island.Strategically located bases were provided to enforce the blockade of the southern coast. The last serious challenge to the Norths naval supremacy was when the Confederate ironclad watercraft the Merrimack had demolished wooden hulled northern ships was repulsed by the Monitor an armored Union gunship. It was later both ships were lost, the Merrimack at Norfolk and the Monitor in a gale in December. Reference McPherson, James M. Ordeal by Fire The Civil War and Reconstruction. New York Knopf, (1982).