Factors Affecting Psychological Pressures on High School Students

The many pressures of high school can have various effects on students. Depending on the student and their lifestyle, the effects can be either positive or negative. There are many aspects that have an affect on a student†s performance in school. Some of the factors include home life, social life, academic life and after school life. The entirety of their time management and decisions has the most affect on their performance (Katz 11). At home, a student goes through many different circumstances that their peers and teachers may be unaware of. For example, if a student has divorced parents, this will play a key role in determining how they perform in school. Alcoholic and abusive parents are also sometimes a factor. Often, students with a rough home life will perform at a lower level in school due to the other things they are going through at home. On the other hand, often an abused teen will put more effort into their schoolwork in order to fulfill needs of self-satisfaction that are not being met at home (Pickett 14). Often teens with older siblings perform better in school. Studies show that the younger children do better in high school. This is most often attributed to the fact that they have seen what high school students go through and have learned from their siblings mistakes as well as achievements. Though the criteria for graduating high school and the individual courses are becoming more difficult each year, younger siblings seem to improve over their older brothers and sisters (Katz 11). The social life plays a big role in high school life. It is often difficult for a student to balance the many aspects of high school life and often they go overboard with either social or academic obligations (Childress 618). The friends that a teen keeps will play a major role in determining how the student will perform in school. Their friends will determine how much and what type of peer pressure the student is submitted to. There are two types of peer pressure. The first type, and most common is negative peer pressure. With this type of peer pressure, the teen will be pressured to participate in many negative acts. This may include, but not be limited to, drugs, alcohol, skipping school, cheating and putting down other students (Kate 11). The second type of peer pressure is positive peer pressure. With this type of peer pressure the teen is influenced to do things such as strive for good grades and participate in other positive activities (Katz 12). Parties are a common part of the teen life today. Often, teenage parties will include negative influences, however it is not difficult for a student to avoid such situations if they just have strong morals (Katz 11). A teen†s social life may also include a job. Working teens are becoming more and more common. The need to feel accepted by peers and have the â€Å"right† clothes and car are major influences in this. Teens may also elect to keep a job to help with family financial difficulties or just to keep them busy (Katz 12). Academic life is the most crucial part of the high school experience. How they perform in high school will dictate what kind of college they will attend. It is important for students to have a well-rounded social life while still performing well in their academics. The last two years of high school are the most important. This is when the teen should be preparing to enter college and take things more seriously. However, this is usually opposite of what happens (Childress 617). If a teen can balance a healthy social life while still performing well academically, they usually will be able to do the same in college and life. Extra-curricular activities occupy much of a teen†s life. What they do to participate in other school-sponsored activities will take up a lot of their time. This can be solved by only selecting activities that will add to their learning experience (Childress 616). The life a teen takes on after school each day is very important in understanding their life in general. They may participate in sports and clubs that will use up much of their time (Kruse 6). Football is a major sport that is taken very seriously in high school (Wahl 92). The competition in high school sports is enough to take some athlete†s minds off their schoolwork. Rival schools games against each other often will tear the entire school away from academics the week prior to the game (Guss 10). Clubs are also a big part of teen†s life. Often they participate for fun and other times just for looks of it on college applications. However, if a student overloads on clubs and other after school activities, their academics may suffer. In its entirety, a teenager†s life is very hectic. They have many stresses and pressures to deal with each day. It is in it†s own, a major accomplishment just to make it through high school and on to college. With the pressures being put on teens to succeed growing each day, each goal met in school, is a victory in itself. The different aspects of the teen†s life all have an effect on the outcome of their performance in school. To some, high school is like a big game. Each move made is a crucial decision towards the outcome of life. When one focuses on only one part of the teen†s life, it is impossible to make any conclusion about their lifestyle. In the game of a teen†s life, maybe Maurice Freeman put it best when saying, â€Å"We†ve got to win. † (Person 12)

Disneyland Resort Paris Case Study

I believe that managers should adapt the resort to more local cultures for the 15th Anniversary in 2007. Even if Disney adapts to the local culture there is still going to be a sense of the American Disney World in the theme. Disney has expanded to countries all over the world yet they cannot change the fact that the characters are the same wherever they go. There is always going to be a Winnie the Pooh and Lion King and cultures all over the world view the American made movies. However; like mentioned in the case, I believe that even though very little of Disney’s core product needs adaptation, they must focus and change how they position and sell their product in each of the markets. To one market Mickey may mean something totally different to another. In order to be successful I believe that they do have to alter the way they do things from country to country and culture to culture. If they do not adapt to the local culture they could see more financial instability like they did in the past and they may see less people coming to their parks in Paris. One of the mistakes mentioned in the case was about how Disney did not serve alcohol in the park when it first opened and how they had to change that to meet the needs of their consumers and even this minor mess-up was not forgotten by the locals and it took them a long time to get over it. I think Disney could implement my suggestion by looking deeper into the cultures of the surrounding countries and the people who travel to the Paris park and research what they want and what would make their experience better. Also, look into their cultures and figure out how they like to do things. There are numerous countries and cultures that travel to Disneyland Paris and it is hard to get a grip on who the average consumer is and what they look like. This is where Disney really needs to meet the needs of numerous culture and people.

Nutrition in the Early School System Research Paper

Nutrition in the Early School System - Research Paper Example An understanding of these food classes enables learners to determine the role of each category in the body, for example, carbohydrates provide energy while proteins build body muscles. Fruits, on the other hand, help the body to fight and prevent diseases (Prelip, Kinsler, Thai, Erausquin, & Slusser, 2012). Students will also have identified the effects of over or under consumption of each food to their bodies. The children will have determined the amount of food that they can consume from each class to avoid the undesired effects of unplanned consumption. Children will spread the awareness to their parents and friends from other schools after the lesson. This will create national awareness, which will improve health in the society. The outcome of the second objective is that children will identify the diseases that arise from poor nutrition, for example, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes among others. Children contract obesity more than the other diseases; therefore, the lesson will focus on this ailment. Students will understand the negative psychological and physical effects of having an overweight body, and the foods that lead to the ailment. Students will be able to determine the measures to undertake to avoid suffering from the diseases. The learners will also identify the actions to take in case they contact the disease. Students will identify various ways of exercising their bodies by the end of the lesson. The knowledge of the techniques will enable students to recognize the significance of exercise, for example, reducing weight, strengthening muscles, decreasing depression, and preventing diseases (Avery, Johnson, Cousins, & Hamilton, 2013). Teaching Plan Subject: Healthy nutrition... This report approves that students should understand and explain various food classes, which include fruits and vegetables, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. An understanding of these food classes enables learners to determine the role of each category in the body, for example, carbohydrates provide energy while proteins build body muscles. Fruits, on the other hand, help the body to fight and prevent diseases. Community resources are the materials that can help students to understand the health, and they are available in the society. The resources include journals and health magazines that are available in community libraries. Students can read these materials and learn new ways of living healthy lives. Students may also attend health conferences conducted by humanitarian organizations such as the Red Cross Society. The conferences usually involve presentations of diseases and techniques of preventing the ailments. Learners practice what they learn from the projects to avoid the ai lments. This essay makes a conclusion that the increase in obesity and overweight among children has given rise to the need for nutrition awareness in the society. Teaching is the best technique to create awareness because it takes place in schools where the major stakeholders are parents, teachers, children, and the government. The objectives of teaching healthy nutrition in a class include teaching food categories, malnutrition diseases, and the need for exercise. An instructor may use books, presentations, and games as techniques to help students understand the topic. Community resources such as health magazines and nutrition conferences, which are conducted by various institutions, also help in achieving the objectives.

Weapons of Mass Destruction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Weapons of Mass Destruction - Assignment Example 2. Why would someone be interested in making a WMD and what would they achieve by using it as a weapon to attack other people. Are there countries perceived as having the intentions of making or using WMDs? Terrorists are the most likely people to make and use WMDs. Their aim is retaliatory attacks especially against the US and her allies. Traditionally, all countries that support and harbor terrorism are likely candidates. 3. In case of an attack by WMD, how flexible is your department since we know that an enemy/terrorist usually thrives on elements of surprise? Do you have any immediate and appropriate plans what to do in case the unthinkable took place? We have learned a lot since Sep 11th and our team is always ready for any eventuality ranging from chemical, biological or even nuclear attack. We have reenacted and trained on all these possible scenarios and many more. Yes, there are several rescue and evacuation procedures put in place. For security reasons, this is classified. 4. How well coordinated are your local arrangements with adjacent jurisdictions such as the neighboring states and the Federal government? Whats your regional approach to the planning process? Do you have any nontraditional partners, goodwill parties and organizations like safety and occupational health organizations? We are a team. We have numerous programs in place and our teams have exchange programs every three to six months from the federal and other state agencies to ensure that we are in synch. We have partnered with the local community and private entities and have been offering them free training to empower and equip them accordingly. 5. What type of communication do you have? Can one use interoperable, backbone communication systems which are able to provide open and at the same time secure communication amongst all response parties?  

Nutrition in Nursing.2 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nutrition in Nursing.2 - Case Study Example Sea foods are normally very fresh, tasty and nutritionally rich especially in minerals. This is the main reason Elizabeth is frustrated with their availability locally in the new home despite what is available being expensive. The suggestion would be for her to get the fresh taste of sea foods by getting American sea food that is available in many food stores around America. There is a lot of fish in American food stores as well as the fresh weeds that are stocked in stores as well as served in many restaurants. There are also plenty of imported sea foods that she can take which have nutritional value just as the fresh ones and she could try this option. Ultimately she needs the nutritional supply and fish which is locally available is a good option for her as well as cereals. When it comes to issue of bread I would advise her to go for bread labeled whole wheat or whole grain. These are low in fat, have no cholesterol, have up to 15% protein and are rich in fiber. They are healthy and will protect the body from heart illnesses, diabetes, cancers and obesity. There also plenty of fruits which are nutritious such water melons, apples, cucumbers, Asparagus, mushrooms, broccoli, tomatoes and fresh vegetable such as cabbages, kales and onions which can be taken in plenty. These should be tasty and supply adequate nutrients such as minerals, vitamins and coupled to the other foods should give balanced diet necessary for the body’s physiology. 1. American Society of Anesthesiologists (1999). Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: Application to health patients undergoing elective procedures. Anesthesiology, 90,

Effective Ways on How We Can Alleviate Sexism in Our Society Research Paper

Effective Ways on How We Can Alleviate Sexism in Our Society - Research Paper Example In reality, sexism is not limited in stereotyping the expected roles of a male and female role in this society. Unfortunately, transsexuals are also equally affected by the negative impact of strong sex discrimination. Feminist groups have long time been trying to fight the occurrence of sexism; specifically with regards to the unequal opportunity that is present between men and women at work, within educational institutions, and their expected role in our society (DaCosta Alleyne, 2004). In relation to the importance of gender equality, feminist movement continuously campaigns for women’s rights and interests which includes: (1) right to work, equal pay, and maternity leave; (2) right to vote; and (3) right to be protected from domestic violence, sexual harassment, and rape (4) (Humm, 1990, p. 278; Echols, 1989, p. 416, Cott, 1987, pp. 4 – 5). It is through the strong influence of feminist groups in the way people think that gradually eliminates the traditional perspectives on how women should act in our society. Over the years, feminist groups had significantly changed the modern ways of living from culture to law. Despite the government and private institutions’ effort to alleviate sex discrimination by promoting the importance of workplace and educational diversity and improving the existing laws on sex discrimination and chauvinism, sexism remains a serious social problem in our country. In line with the social consequences of sexism, almost all sociologists are using the three primary theoretical perspectives known as the symbolic interactionist perspective1, functionalist perspective2, and conflict perspective3 when analyzing the social phenomena behind sexism (Cliff Notes, 2010).  

Everymany Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Everymany - Research Paper Example It focuses on the efforts of the central character simply named Everyman to achieve salvation, thereby bringing into focus how there is a clear relationship between the life one lives and the life after death. Also referred to as the The Somonyng of Everyman or The Summoning of Everyman, the play’s focal point is on the event of death because death was a common event in the period in which the play was written. Death happened due to sizable number of natural as well as man-made causes. â€Å"The topic of "man summoned by death" was commonplace during the fifteenth century. Frequent warfare, bubonic and pneumonic plague, starvation, and crime made death a frequent and often public experience.† (â€Å"Everyman (after 1485)†). In the play, it is implied that when death happens, the journey of human life does not ends, instead the good as well as the evil deeds committed by an individual during his/her lifetime will be tallied by the superior being after death in the form of a ledger book. Thus, in a way, the play tries to show the people that although every one irrespective of gender, age, status, etc, has to meet death; it is far more important how he/she should live their lives. Thus, the anonymous author perceives death in a different perspective and so this paper will discuss the author’s perception of death and the treatment of death in Everyman The play, Everyman starts off with a prologue, with a messenger asking the audience to make their presence felt in the action that is going to unfold. After this initiation, the God starts to speak lamenting that humans all over the world are not focusing on the key virtues of life, and instead have become too focused on accumulating the material wealth and just enjoy the spoils. As the humans’ concentration was mainly on material riches, the God feels that the humans have taken him for granted. He further strongly condemns that the humans are showing no appreciation for all the good things that he have been bestowing on them. â€Å"Of ghostly sight the people be so blind, Drowned in sin, they know me not for their God; In worldly riches is all their mind, They fear not my rightwiseness, the sharp rod...† (Anonymous 184). So, as a form of teaching the humans a lesson, the God orders his messenger, Death to approach Everyman and inform him about his death and summon him to heaven. Here Everyman represents all the humans or entire mankind. That is, author gave the character the name of Everyman to represent all the humans who have taken the negative path of material wealth. On the other hand, Death is portrayed as a fully developed human creature, who begins the chain of events in the play. (Spinrad 69). The messenger, Death approaches

Epidemiology in Public and Global Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Epidemiology in Public and Global Health - Essay Example This was the country’s worst ever cholera outbreak, considering the fact that the country had never suffered any cholera outbreak for over half a century. The purpose of this paper is therefore, to examine the factors that led to the outbreak of this epidemic in Haiti, the health promotion/health protection strategies that can be used to successfully mitigate the outbreak, as well as the role of a BSN nurse in addressing the outbreak. Summary of article Piarroux e.t al (2011) article, ‘Understanding the Cholera Epidemic in Haiti’ seeks to establish the source of the cholera outbreak, as well as the health protection strategies to mitigate its spread. In mid-October 2010, the Haitian Ministry of Health reported the outbreak of cholera resulting from vibrio cholerae 01, a strain of cholera that is common in Asia. The epidemic came as a surprise because there was no incidence of cholera that had previously been reported in Haiti for more than half a century. Several hypotheses were drawn as to the likely causes of the outbreak, which included the hypothesis that the La Nina phenomenon experienced in the country was thus responsible for the growth of vibrio cholerae, and the other hypothesis of the importation of cholera disease from a country suffering from endemic cholera outbreaks (Piarroux e.t al, 2011). Through the use of advanced software, ScTScan, for field survey and the compilation of statistical data, the researchers were able to trace the source of the cholera outbreak that was now spreading rapidly across the communities living in the lower regions of the Artibonite River. It was thus confirmed that the source of the cholera outbreak was River Artibonite, but not the earth quake as was initially thought. Epidemiological studies carried out by the researchers also seemed to support the hypothesis that the cholera outbreak in Haiti was imported. This is because there was an established correlation of time and place between the eventual arrivals of the Nepalese military, which majority of their members came from a place experiencing a cholera outbreak (Piarroux e.t al, 2011). This hypothesis was further confirmed by the remoteness of the Merille region in central Haiti and the fact that there were no other incomers in the region. The importation of the cholera strain in the Artibonite River basin may be hugely attributed to the asymptomatic carriage of the bacterial in the soldiers’ stool residue (Piarroux e.t al, 2011). This is because one of the most common transmission modes for cholera is through the fecal-oral route. Fecal-oral transmission in the Artibonite region can be directly attributed to the dumping of raw sewage into the Artibonite River from the Nepalese army camp, from where it flowed downstream into the rice fields along the river. This is evidenced by the fact that the majority of the cholera infections were recorded from the rice fields where 67% of the population there drank the untreated water from the river basin and canals (Piarroux e.t al, 2011). Impact on nursing practice Nurses play an important role in the control and mitigation of any disease outbreaks. This is because a nurse, during the discharge of her professional duties, places not only her health at risk but also her security and welfare, so as to help administer the relevant medical treatment to a patient. It is thus the first and paramount

Nike strategic fit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nike strategic fit - Essay Example Nike aspires to serve the human potential through sports - as the company states, "We feel lucky to have a genuine, altruistic reason to be: the service of human potential. That's the great benefit of sports, and we're glad to be in the middle of it."2 Kotler (1974) states that, 'an individual's beliefs or conceptions about what is desirable, good or bad - forms the value system.' In today's competitive environment such a value system plays a crucial role not only in satisfying customer needs but in taking on the competition as well. A company can acquire competitive advantage on its rivals on account of marketing efforts, brand building, value creation, innovation, operational efficiencies etc. but more important is to sustain the leading edge. Value creation forms the core component for sustaining the competitive advantage. Mele and Colurci (2006) provide distinctive paradigms for value as such.

Environmental Influences On Human Behavior Essay Example for Free

Environmental Influences On Human Behavior Essay Eating disorder is a condition wherein an individual’s eating behavior of eating or not eating is influenced by a psychological impulse, instead of a physiological need. Individuals with eating disorders generally choose to ignore the signals their bodies send out that nourishment is needed for maintenance or that enough food has already been consumed. One general feature commonly observed in an individual with an eating disorder is abnormal weight, which may be either above or below the normal weight. Normal weight has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as having a body mass index (BMI) of 18. 5 to 24. 9 kg/m2 (Deurenberg and Yap, 1999; Weisell, 2002). BMI is the ratio of an individual’s weight in kilograms (kg) to his heights in meters squared (m2). An individual with a BMI of 25 to 29 kg/m2 is classified as overweight, those with BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 are categorized as moderately obese, and people with BMI of 40 kg/m2 and above are identified as morbidly obese. Obesity was earlier considered as an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Today, obesity is regarded as a disease that is strongly influenced by genetic, physiologic and behavioral factors (Jequier and Tappy, 1999). The global estimate of overweight people is currently 1. 2 billion, of which at least 300 million are classified as obese. Obesity has been identified as a preventable health risk, but unfortunately, the mortality rate of this disease is still high, contributing to approximately 300,000 deaths each year in the United States alone. Since the cases of overweight and obesity are continually increasing without any preference to economic status of a country, health governing bodies have put in a significant effort to promote awareness of this disease and intervention programs that would teach the public of the risks of being overweight and/or obese. A major factor that influences such excessive weight gain is the poor lifestyle choices individuals make, in terms of their eating, exercising and physical activities. Binge eating is another eating disorder that is characterized by consuming huge amounts of food in order to achieve the strong feeling of being full. This disorder is generally involved with eating bouts even when an individual is not hungry. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that is recognized in two forms- the restricting type and the binge-eating/purging types (APA, 1994). The restricting type of anorexia nervosa involves the absolute inhibition of food consumption and does not accompany any purging or binge-eating actions. The binge-eating type of anorexia nervosa is commonly characterized by cycles of binge-eating and purging. The classic symptom of anorexia nervosa is subjecting one’s self to a starvation condition, with the main goal of preventing or avoiding gaining weight or sensing that any fat is deposited in the body. The psychological angle with anorexia nervosa is that the individual perceives himself as overweight yet actually, their weight is already below normal. The extreme condition of anorexia nervosa usually involves death due to severe malnutrition. Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that is characterized by cycles of binge eating, purging and the employment of laxatives to remove any food that has been consumed (APA, 1994). Bulimia nervosa may be differentiated from anorexia nervosa through the feature that the individuals afflicted with this eating disorder typically have normal or above-average weights. In addition, individuals with anorexia nervosa can strongly inhibit their food intake, while individuals with bulimia nervosa find difficulty in avoiding food consumption. Bulimic individuals commonly carry a psychological feeling of guilt and shame of eating so much food, hence they try to appease themselves of their eating faults through purging and chemical elimination of the food they ate through the use of laxatives. They consider such activities as remedies or cleansing rituals so that they can immediately purify themselves of the disgrace they made from eating huge amounts of food. To date, the exact cause of bulimia remains unknown, yet there are theories that this eating disorder is strongly associated to depression and anxiety, however, a precise correlation of this cause still has to be investigated. Another theory involves the motivation of the bulimic individual to escape from reality, by treating for as a comfort instead of a source of energy and nutrition for their bodies. Childhood experiences may also possibly play a role in the cause of bulimia, because young children are often given different types of food in order to pacify them or to reward them for particular activities. Society may also play a role in bulimia, because the media strongly endorses that being thin is good, beautiful and acceptable. It has been suggested that eating disorders may be physiologically influenced by serotonin and norepinephrine. It has also been suggested that anorexia is more frequently observed in females in the Western world (Suematsu, 1986). Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanism behind hunger and eating in overweight and obese individuals. The internal-external theory of Schachter (1971) states that hunger is influenced by external signals such as time, as shown in their experiments involving manipulation of clock rates and counting the consumption of crackers by the subjects. The research showed that faster ticking clocks that would reach meal times earlier would influence the subjects to eat earlier, while slower ticking close would influence subjects to eat later during the day. This theory strengthened the hypothesis that obese people tend to â€Å"feel† hungry based on the time of the day, and not based of the real sensation of hunger. The sensation of hungry in normal individuals is generally induced by internal signals such as an increased appetite or need to eat. The boundary theory of hunger considers the cognitive influence of hunger and satiety, wherein an individual determines the amount of food he should take in, as their limit or boundary (Hermand and Polivy, 1984). During diet regimes, the amount of food an individual eats is a little less than the set amount or boundary and in turn, the body physiologically adapts to the available sources of energy. In overweight and obese individuals, the boundary of food intake is significantly higher than an individual of normal weight. A third theory explaining the relation between excessive weight gain and eating is the set point theory, which is essentially based on the control of the hypothalamus on the body’s predetermined weight. Such set point of weight will be biologically maintained through the natural way, regardless of efforts to loss weight through diets and other weight loss regimens. A decreased intake of calories will not perturb the hypothalamus in its self-regulation of body weight. These theories are comparatively similar in terms of their goal of attempting to describe the mechanisms of obesity. The theories all emphasized that obesity is not influenced by a single factor, such as plain and simple overeating. These theories actually describe external influences of factors that result in overeating. In the external-internal theory identifies the time of the day as the major factor that triggers hunger. For the boundary theory, the individual himself, most probably with the cerebellum as the major organ, determines the amount of food he will eat. As for the set point theory, the hypothalamus controls the individual’s body weight. It is interesting to note that what the society has perceived as overweight is not really caused by a simple excessive hunger that stems from the need of the stomach to carry more food, but actually a more complex network involving the digestive system, the central nervous system and the immediate environment. Treatment for eating disorder often involves physical and psychological approaches. Psychotherapy serves as the main treatment for eating disorders, which often involves sessions with a therapist to discuss issues such as anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and body image concerns. The therapist generally emphasizes the relationship of one’s thoughts and eating activities, as well as teaching the patient that food is a source of nourishment and not a source of comfort or escape. Antidepressants may be prescribed to an individual with an eating disorder, to regulate the emotions of the depressed individual. The physician will also need to regularly check the physical vital signs of the patient, in order to monitor whether the patient is gaining weight and to determine whether any other complications may be present in the individual. Dieticians will design a well-balanced diet for an individual with an eating disorder, as well as educate the person of the nutritional value of every type of food that is consumed. The theories of hunger and eating disorders are based on the concept of primary motivation, which is mainly an interplay between psychology and the biological need to provide energy to the proper functioning of the human body. It is more complicated than the straightforward feeding mechanisms in other organisms because eating in the other species is singly influenced by the need to provide food for the normal physiology of the body. In human beings that have a more complex brain system due to evolution, we have acquired the additional capability to feed our minds, and even our souls, so to speak figuratively. It is important to individuals to understand that the mind is a powerful organ that can influence the actions and activities of the rest of the body but it is also more important to know that such choices of eating the right amount of food, as well as the right type of food, is a conscious and voluntary choice, and the consequences should be seriously considered.

How Motherhood Impacts On Womens Career Choices Social Work Essay

How Motherhood Impacts On Womens Career Choices Social Work Essay In most contemporary industrialised nations, womens participation rates have been rising. Since the 1980s, womens employment has become more continuous, even among mothers with children. (Lewis, 2009:27) However, despite of the optimistic rising employment rate among women, the career break due to motherhood still has a major impact on womens careers. Some women opt for part-time jobs after giving birth to child/children while some might exit the labour till their children reach school ages. This essay aims to examine the impact of motherhood on womens career in terms of womens work and care decision and type of works mothers do under different contingencies. As Windebank (2001:269) points out that there are great variations in mothers employment participation rates and career patterns across countries, this essay mainly focuses on mothers career choices and patterns in two countries, namely Sweden (a generous welfare country which striving for womens equality) and the United Kingdom . The first part of the essay briefly talks about the general impacts of motherhood on womens career followed by the descriptions of womens career choices (e.g. work or care decision) and career patterns (e.g. full-time VS. part-time, types of work mothers do) in the two countries mentioned. In the final part, the possible explanations to the patterns found in both countries will be addressed, such as the economic incentive, social norms, institutional context, and womens education level. And the essay will be concluded by summarizing the impacts of motherhood on womens career and discussing its implications for policy makers. Motherhoods Impact on Womens Career The evidence (Vlasblom and Schippers, 2006:335) shows that motherhood could have impacts on womens participation rate both before and after the childbirth. In their article, the female participation rates in all three countries, namely the Netherlands, Germany and the United Kingdom, have declined since 12 months before the childbirth and never return to the original level 24 months after the childbirth. Hewlett (2005) also states that 37% of women take some kind of break from work to achieve appropriate work-life balance. Although 93% of those women who taken a break after give a birth to children want to re-enter the job market, only 74% are successful, among these only 40% return to full time work. The statistics suggests that motherhood does affect womens career to a different degrees and it could last over a long period of time. In general, motherhood itself presents four choices for women. First, women could remain in their full-time jobs after giving birth to their child/children. Second, they could choose a more flexible job or a part-time work to achieve work life balance after becoming a mother. Third, women could choose to exit the labour force permanently for their families. Forth, women could leave the labour market temporarily and return to work after a while (e.g. when their child/children reach school age) (Vlasblom and Schippers, 2006:330). However, women who take the last option might find difficult to return to the labour market. As Joshi et al (1996) point out that losing of tie with the labour market due to the complete exit could depreciate womens human capital and make future entrance difficult. Therefore, the longer a mother is out of the labour force, the harder it is for her to return to work. Mothers Career Choices and Patterns in Sweden Being one of the most generous welfare states, Sweden is often regarded as a role model in terms of striving for equal women rights. In fact, most Swedish women work fulltime prior to give birth and the majority of women do return to paid work (either long part-time or full-time) after the maternity leave. According to the Statistics Sweden (a leading Swedish official statistics website), there are more than 80 percent of Swedish mothers in the labour market by the year of 1999. The high return rate is probably attributed to its long paid parental leave. According to the Swedish Law, all parents (employed prior to give birth) are entitled to 12 months leave with approximately 3,600 Pounds income replacement (up to 80% of their income before childbirth) plus 90 days of Guaranteed days with 6 pounds per day. Besides, parents rights to return to labour market are guaranteed by Swedish labour regulations. (Bjornberg, 2002:34) These policies not only help women to reconcile the work and c are balance during the most difficult period (with small child under 1 year old), but also encourage women to take part in workforce after maternity work by ensuring them better chances of being employed. As a result, child under 1 year is usually taken care at home by their parents (mainly mothers). And among children aged 1-6 years, institutional care instead of home care is commonly chosen by Swedish parents as that most mothers could return to their jobs afterwards. The statistics (Statistics Sweden, 2008) shows that 86% of children aged 1-6 years are in municipal day care in the year 2007. Based on the observations, Bjornberg (2002:39) suggests that the traditional male breadwinner model with mothers as housewives is not supported in Sweden rather a dual-earner model is more common and acceptable in Sweden. The high return rate does not occur among mothers with one child but among mothers with more than one child as well. As the Swedish policy states that the parent is able to enjoy the same insured income level if the next child-birth is within 30 months of the previous child. Thus, it makes possible for mothers with more than one child to return to labour market after maternity leave without worrying about the costs and losing their working rights. It is interesting to note that many returned mothers in Sweden choose to start work as part-timers. Traditionally, part-time work often associated with characteristics such as low pay, no benefits and low status, however, part-time work in Sweden has a different meaning. The long working hours (e.g. 30 hours per week) gives part-time a non-marginalized feature in Sweden. And part-time working mothers are generally treated similarly to their full-time colleagues and able to have more autonomy in their time (Sundstrom and Duvander, 2000). Fagan and Lallement (2000:45) indicate that part-time workers have integrated into Swedish labour market and received equal treatment in labour law and wage structures. Mothers Career Choices and Patterns in the United Kingdom Pursuing to be a liberal welfare state, the U.K. government has also come up with explicit policies to reconcile paid work and family life in terms of childcare services, childcare leave and flexible working hours since 1997. (Lewis and Campbell, 2007:4) Evidence shows that the newly introduced family-friendly initiatives do have certain effects in changing the British labour market situations. The mother participation rate in the market has increased from 24% in 1979 to 67% in 1999 (Dench et al., 2002) although among returned mothers, many engage in part-time rather than full-time jobs. Statistics (Social Trends, 2005) shows that 40% of women aged sixteen to fifty-nine with children are in a part-time job. However, the part-time work has a different definition in UK compare to that of Sweden in terms of the working hours. Part-time mothers only work about 16 hours per week in U.K. (Bishop, 2004) which is much shorter than 30+ hours in Sweden. In the aspect of public childcare system , it is not as popular as that of Sweden due to the poor qualification of childcare staff in UK and a lack of funding. (Lewis and Campbell, 2007) In general, instead of the traditional male breadwinner model or Swedish dual-earner model, Britain parents are taking a one-and-a-half earner model, which fathers work long hours (48+ hours per week) while mothers work short hours (about 16 hours). (Christine and Tang, 2004) Therefore, atypical job (e.g. part-time work) and shift parenting are common in UK. (Lavalle et al., 2002) Explanations to the Patterns Found Based on the findings of both Sweden and UK, it is clear that motherhood affects womens career not only in the form of career breaks during childbirth but also in terms of the after-effects on balancing work and childcare. There are several similarities found among working mothers in both countries, for instance, both countries have a relatively high mother return rate. However, part-time mothers in Sweden are seemingly to enjoy a better benefit coverage, status and pay compared to mothers in U.K. In the following part of the essay, the reasons account for the different patterns observed will be discussed and whether the high return rate reflects womens true preference between work and family will be explored. According to Hakim (2000), the difference in work and care decision made by mothers is determined by each womans preference. However, many researchers criticize Hakims statement by showing other factors which restricting womens decisions, such as the income level of the household, institutional context, social norm and womens education level. Household Income Level Household income level directly limits mothers decision on work and care. According to Vlasblom and Schippers (2006), mothers are more likely to go back to labour market if the benefit for participation is larger than its opportunity costs. For instance, most mothers in Sweden choose to work as womens income in a household is as important as their partners in order to maintain a high living standard as close as possible to those of households without children.( Bjornberg, 2002:36) In the case of U.K., the decrease in family subsidy in tax system during the 1990s has made childcare more costly, (Sainsbury, 1999) as a result, many British mothers chose to return to workforce during that time. However, unlike Sweden, high quality and affordable public childcare is not widely spread in U.K. According to Taylors survey (2003), there are only 8 % of organizations offering financial assistance with childcare costs and 3% organizations providing childcare for their employees. Thus, the lack of childcare service and the high costs associated with childcare outsourcing for working parents has explained the increasing number of part-time working mothers and the shifting childcare arrangement between parents in U.K. Social Norms Under the traditional male breadwinner model, mothers are expected to become housewives while fathers will be the only income source for the household. However, as time passes by, the social norm has been changed and working mothers are more acceptable in both countries (Vlasblom and Schippers, 2006). And in Sweden, women to have a gainful employment before childbirth is essential as the replacement income during 12 months maternity leave is determined by womens salary level prior to giving birth. Those mothers who were housewives do not receive any income benefit during the first year of child care (Bjornberg, 2002). Such policies, to a certain extent, have reinforced the womens importance in the job market and increased the acceptance of womens role as workers in general. However, in both countries, the increasing in women participation rate and social acceptance of working mothers does not match the changes in their male spouses behaviours. Gershuny (2000) points out that mens participation in unpaid work is much lower than womens participation rate in paid work. According to Elvin-Nowak and Thomsson (2001:432), fathers work schedule is considered as fixed and unalterable and mothers concern about childrens well-being more than fathers do, as a result, the negotiations come to rest between the woman and her conscience rather than between the mother and the father. Uneven distribution of domestic chores, especially childcare is still prevalent nowadays. In U.K., the long working hours of men has left the childcare to mothers mainly. Without the help from their spouses, it is more difficult for mothers to combine the work and childcare and thus, full-time work is often not an available option for many British mothers. The situation in Sweden is relativ ely better than that in U.K. due to the introduction of compulsory Daddy Month policy. However, Even in country like Sweden, fathers only spend just half the time in taking care of children as their partners do (Gornick and Meyers, 2008:318). Institutional Context Institutional context is one of the most critical factor in shaping womens work and care decision. Often, the change in mothers behaviour is as a result of change in institutional policies, such as the reduced in family subsidy mentioned above. Both British government and Swedish government are aiming to promote waged labour through its policies, like extension of maternity leave, childcare provision or flexible working-hour practices, in order to attract mothers into workforce and to increase the labour supply and tax base (OECD, 2005). However, these two countries have varied degree of success in obtaining the goal. The difference in institutional policies explains why the part-time mothers in Sweden could focus on their work better than those of U.K. First of all, the public childcare is well-developed and widely used in Sweden, therefore, most Swedish women are able to work long hour part-time or full-time job without worrying lack of proper care for their children. Besides, the introduction of Daddy Month in Sweden has increased the fathers participation in childcare task and thus, reduces the burden from mothers. According to the statistics, 77% of father in Sweden took up the whole month leave in 1995. However, the formal childcare is either too expensive or poorly organized in U.K. which forces most British mothers to care children privately and restricts their career development. Besides, the long working hours for British fathers makes sharing private childcare more difficult and often mothers have to change their working hours in order to suit their partners more rigid schedules for childcare. Thus, mothers career in U.K. is more likely to be disturbed than their counterpart in Sweden. Womens Educational Level Besides the differences in external factors, such as the policies, income and social norms, the educational level among women also affect the degree of motherhoods impacts on their careers. The educational level here not only refers to the initial education (Portela, 2001), but also the working experiences and personal capabilities a woman possesses. Elvin-Nowak and Thomsson (2001:407) suggests that mothers with different social background have different motherhood experiences and interpreted the meaning of the motherhood differently. In general, low-skilled female workers are more likely to exit the labour force for their children than those high-skilled workers (Cantillon at al., 2001). And Hofferth et al.s (1996) study is consistent with Cantillons findings, showing that high-skilled women tend to use formal childcare while low-skilled women tend to provide childcare themselves. As a result, high-skilled women are more likely to commit themselves into their work without worrying about the childcare. At the same time, with the high earnings gained from work, they are able to afford the formal childcare while for the low-skilled women who cannot afford the formal childcare with the low earnings, staying at home to look after their children becomes the only option for them. In UK, 75 percent of highly educated women with children aged under 5 years old are actively participate in paid work while only 24 percent of women without qualifications are in workforce. (EOR, 2001) Similar results are found among Swedish wo men too. Besides, Sundstrom and Duvander (2000) found that parents with higher educational level are more likely to share the domestic tasks including childcare than couples with lower educational level. Therefore, it confirms the view that women whose level of education is high is more likely to take part in work. Conclusion This essay has examined the motherhood impact on womens career choice and patterns in Sweden and the U.K. The findings show that both countries have an increasing mother participation rate. But despite of the optimistic rising working mother numbers in both countries, working mothers careers are still affected by the motherhood. Not only that full-time work option is no longer available for many mothers due to the burden of childcare, part-time working mothers are generally more difficult to concentrate on their jobs, especially in the U.K where formal provision of formal childcare system is not well-developed. Besides, possible factors, such as household income level, social norms, institutional policies and womens educational level, which restrict mothers work and care decision, are explored in the essay. However, there are many other factors which could shape the motherhoods impact on womens career, for instance, the number of children. Women with smaller family size have less car eer breaks and spend less time on childcare, thus they have better opportunity to channel their energy into paid work (Gill et al., 2000). Besides, the rising divorce rate and high teenage pregnancy rate result an increase in singe-mother families. Motherhoods impact on single mother family could be different from normal families. After analyzing the possible factors which affect working mothers careers, how their accessibility to the labour market and status could be increased is the key challenge that should be addressed. Based on Sweden and the U.K. cases, it is clear that institutional policies could a powerful tool for creating a better environment for working mothers. For instance, the Daddy Month introduced by Swedish government has been successful in tackling the unequal division of work among men and women and this policy could be learnt by other countries too. In sum, in order to increase working mothers full-time participation rate and achieve better work-life balance in the society, governments should invest more on the institutional policies. In another word, following the concept of diversity/mainstreaming, government should change the focus from trying to fit working mothers into the society to changing the society/organization/culture to embrace differences by making working mothers issue centr al to every aspect of the policy. Word: 2930

“The Right Stuff”- Might Be the Wrong Stuff After All Essay examples --

â€Å"The Right Stuff†- Might Be the Wrong Stuff After All David Suzuki’s essay â€Å"The Right Stuff† provides an interesting look at the need for sex education in high schools. Suzuki’s main assertion is the sex education needs to be taught in high school because it is not properly covered anywhere else and students will because interested in science class should sex education be taught first. Suzuki argues that impressions formed in high school are ones that last longer than at any other time in life. In addition Suzuki points out that teachers should start their science classes with human sexuality, which will act as a stepping-stone into other science, related topics. Unfortunately Suzuki fails to provide strong arguments to support his thesis. Suzuki enlightens his audience with his own personal narration however it does not allow for his main points to be argued to the best extent. Also he commits a logical fallacy, which in turn takes away from trying to prove the thesis. All in all Suzuki could use some vast imp rovements on this particular essay. The majority of this essay was based on Suzuki’s personal narration. Although it may be possible to convey a message properly using narration it is not effective when trying to attest a thesis such as this. Suzuki focuses too much on what happened in one small town up north and he forgets that not everyone is the same. In addition he should consider that the students may have been â€Å"dead silent and attentive† because of the fact that...

Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Essays

Alzheimer's Disease Alzheimer ¡Ã‚ ¦s disease is a slow, progressive, and degenerative disease of the brain. This disease is marked by a gradual loss of memory and other cognitive functions. "Alzheimer's Disease is also known as the most common cause of dementia--a general term referring to the loss of memory and the ability to think, reason, function, and behave properly" (Medina,1999). It primarily affects adults in their 60's or older and eventually destroys a person's ability to perform simple, routine tasks or even to care for themselves. Statistics show that "as many as 10 percent of all people 65 years of age and older have Alzheimer's," and that approximately "50 percent of all people 85 or older also have the disease" (WebMD, n.d.). Originally it was thought to be a rare condition affecting only young people, and was referred to as pre-senile dementia. Today late-onset Alzheimer ¡Ã‚ ¦s disease is recognized as the most common cause of the loss of mental function in those aged 65 and over. "Alzheimer ¡Ã‚ ¦s in people in their 30s, 40s, and 50s, called early-onset Alzheimer ¡Ã‚ ¦s disease, occurs much less frequently, accounting for less than 10 percent of the estimated 4 million Alzheimer ¡Ã‚ ¦s cases in the United States" (Encarta, 2004). Alzheimer's disease advances in stages, progressing from mild absentmindedness and cognitive impairment to widespread loss of mental abilities. In advanced Alzheimer's, people become dependent on others for every aspect of their care. The most common cause of death among Alzheimer's patients is infection. Even though scientists are still learning about Alzheimer ¡Ã‚ ¦s, there is no cure. Alzheimer's disease is named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, a German doctor. "In 1906, Dr. Alzheimer noticed changes in the brain tissue of a woman who had died of an unusual mental illness. He found abnormal clumps (now called amyliod plaques) and tangled bundles of fibers (now called neurofibrillary tangles) within the brain"(ADEAR, 2004). Scientists have found that tangles and plaques cause the neurons in the brains of Alzheimer ¡Ã‚ ¦s patients to shrink and eventually die. They start in the memory and language centers and finally invade throughout the brain. &qu... ... former president Ronald Reagan was diagnosed with disease, it has been a major news headline ever since. There are thousands of organizations and webpage ¡Ã‚ ¦s on the internet that are filled with valuable information helping the public be aware of this disease, what the signs are, and where to go for help. With our baby-boomers aging, the disease is sure to emerge more in the next couple of years. Alzheimer ¡Ã‚ ¦s disease has touched many people since its discovery by Alois Alzheimer. Its effects on the brain cause its victims to lose some, if not most of their memory. This causes the patient to forget things such as who and where they are, who their relatives are, how to get home, or even when or how to eat. It is a personal tragedy for the patient as well as for those whom love and bear the burden of caring for them. Alzheimer ¡Ã‚ ¦s disease is a slow, progressive disease with no known cure. The treatment for Alzheimer's is still in the early stages but there are many drug treatments available which help slow its progression, and help with cognitive functions. As our population ages, Alzheimer ¡Ã‚ ¦s is only a tragedy that will affect more and more people.

To compare the ways in which these poems display the horrors of war. Es

To compare the ways in which these poems display the horrors of war. I have selected three poems, The Soldier, by Rupert Brooke, Dulce et Decorum Est, and Anthem for Doomed Youth, both written by Wilfred Owen. Compare how these poems show the horrors of World War 1. To compare the ways in which these poems display the horrors of war. I have selected three poems, "The Soldier", by Rupert Brooke, "Dulce et Decorum Est", and "Anthem for Doomed Youth", both written by Wilfred Owen. I chose "Anthem for Doomed Youth" and "Dulce et Decorum Est" because they are very similar and show the horrors of the war. On the other hand, I chose "The Soldier" because it is a complete contrast and is about the remembrance of the soldiers, who are portrayed as heroes. Wilfred Edward Salter Owen was born on March 18, 1893. He was abroad teaching until he visited a hospital for the wounded, he then decided to return to England in 1915 and enlisted. Owen was injured in March 1917 and was sent home. By august 1917 he was considered fit for duty and he then returned to the front lines. Just seven days before the Armistice he was shot dead by a German machine gun attacker. Owen was only twenty-five years old. The title "Dulce et Decorum Est" is part of a Latin saying, Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori, which means it is sweet and fitting to die for one's country. But using this title it makes the poem seem as if it is going to glorify the war and all the people who fought for England in it. Owen writes from experience and from within a group of soldiers. He shows this by using inclusive words like "we". Owen writes, "we cursed through the sludge". He also uses the word "our" and writes, "And towards our distant rest beg... ...answers. On the other hand "Dulce et Decorum Est" is just a poem. "The Soldier" has an instruction and how to honour the deceased soldiers. "Dulce et Decorum Est" is a first hand experience of life on the front lines, in contrast to "The Soldier" which is from Rupert Brooke's mind as he never fought in the war. "The Soldier" may have given families of soldiers hope, in contradiction to "Dulce et Decorum Est" which may have caused vast amounts of controversy and hatred towards Wilfred Owen. In studying the poems and comparing them there is a final conclusion. Wilfred Owens poems have a tendency to be more explicit and striking, while Rupert Brooke glorifies the war and the soldiers who fought in it. This is because Wilfred Owen was strongly against war and felt that people who were supporters of the war should understand what they had to go through.

Perform a close reading of any passage or short chapter

The Grapes of Wrath, examining its use of theme, setting, tone, figurative language, allusions, etc. By Angela-Stanton The Grapes of Wrath not only criticizes the socio-economic problems provoked by capitalism, but advocates (moral courage) as the answer to conflicts and hostilities. In Chapter 29, Steinbeck emphasizes that although nature's omnipotent power of destruction Is beyond human control, moral courage can sustain hope and faith In life.This theme is successfully achieved in this short but significant intercalary heaper through the effective use of figurative language and diction, leading to the memorable ending in Chapter 30 where Rose of Sharon selflessly suckles the dying man. The narration paints a Blvd setting of the destitute land. The clouds, wind and rain are personified as the destructive forces of nature. The gray clouds are march[long] In from the ocean'.The aggressive verb ‘march' presents the military nature of the clouds, foreshadowing how this strong arm y overpowers humans and land. Contradicting auditory images describe the wind that ‘swished in the bush' and ‘roared in the forests'. The auditory verb ‘swished' depicts the swift, stealthy action of the wind as It passes the bush; whereas the contrasting auditory verb ‘roared' reminds us the wind has a violent Impact on the land. The adverbs ‘fiercely and silently' are oxymoron describing how the wind overwhelms humans brutally without announcing its arrival.Rain is also personified as it Whipped the shining water and Whipped up the surfaces [of the fields]'. The repetitive use of the relentless verb Whipped' illustrates the rain's physical force and portrays it as a powerful tormentor of land and humans. The action of the rain and Its Impact on the land are emphasized by the parallel structure the streams and the little rivers edged up to the bank sides', worked at willows and tree roots', ‘bent the willows deep in the current' ‘cut out th e roots of cottonwood' and ‘brought down the trees. This parallel structure consists of phrases starting with a powerful verb that inflicts misery on a ‘victim', emphasizing the pervasive Impact of the unceasing rain. Personification is extended to the description of the land. Initially, the earth is ‘drink[inning] the rain' when the rain only consists of ‘small drops and a steady beat'. This personification depicts the rain's essential role as a nourishing provider for life. Then, the rain intensifies and the earth ‘[whisper] under the beat of the rain' and the streams ‘[thunder] under the churning freshets'.This parallel structure Juxtaposes the earth and the streams using contrasting auditory verbs, displaying the earth as a thunder[inning]' streams. The earth's changing reaction to the intensifying rain from drinking to whispering alludes to the rain's volatility reigning over the vulnerability of the land. This insinuation extends to nature i n general, implying that nature is precious which controls the well-being of humans and land. The narration also explores the severity of the rain's impact on the migrant workers.The water ‘[fouls] the ignition wires' and ‘[fouls] the carburetors' of the cars. This parallel structure emphasizes the extensive destruction with the use of active voice placing Water' as the subject, suggesting that despite their level of technology and utility, the cars are inevitably destroyed. Although the migrants want to escape from this hostile environment, their cars Wouldn't start because the wires were shorted' ND ‘if the engines would run, deep mud engulfed the wheels'.The use of the ‘if' conditional structure indicates that there is no workable solution to combat the flood. All these details in the narration establish the people's dire situation since their last resort, that is migration, is destroyed by the rain. The narrative perspective shifts from one adverse predic ament to another, creating a prevailing sense of inevitability to escape from the disaster. The migrant workers ‘splashed out through the water' to towns, country stores and relief offices to seek help and shelter.The verb ‘splashed' portrays the workers' desperate attempt to survive which is further intensified Their suffering is further intensified by the parallel by the structure to point out how they ‘beg for bread', ‘beg for rotting vegetables' and ‘steal when they [can]'. The fact that they are begging for these basic provisions reveals their desperate attempts at survival shows the inevitability of their fate. Then, the narration focuses on the specific individuals' reaction towards the flood. In the Wet hay of leaking barns', babies are born to Women who [pant] with pneumonia'.This situation is a contrast to the hopeful expectations of new life. Instead, these babies are born to intense suffering, sickness and death. Meanwhile, old people Ã¢â‚¬Ë œ[curl] up in the corners and [die] that way. This symbolic act underscores their need for consolation and security, regressing to their fetal position before death. The fact that the disaster has affected both stages of life reflects the scope of misery, aggravating the despondent tone which prevails the narration. This tone is accentuated through the repetitive use of the conjunction ‘And'.This manipulation is intentional, conveying that difficulties are accumulating and both humans and land cannot escape from this disaster. The greatest fear amidst the catastrophe is the lack of work. This concern is accentuated by the two sudden, choppy paragraphs ‘No work till spring. No work // And if no work– no money, no food. ‘ These are hopeless complaints of the migrant workers. The abruptness, along with the repetition of ‘no work, highlights the workers' dire financial situation. Since their hope for work is shattered, they are too feeble to sustain their struggle for survival.This fear is intensified by the use of effects, ‘no money, no food'. The pause seems to imply the reluctance of the workers to acknowledge the consequences of unemployment. There is a change of tone when the migrants' fear turns into wrath. The turning point is introduced by the short sentence ‘Theme's horses— we're men. ‘ This bitter comment demonstrates the men's realization of their ill-treatment and worthlessness when compared to the horses. Realizing such an injustice, they ‘[gather] together' and ‘anger [takes] its place' instead of fear. The gathering empowers them to combat hostility actively instead of suffering helplessly.This unity reflects Steinbeck proletarian ideology that men can generate surprising power collectively in brotherhood. It tends to advocate that moral courage is the answer to conflicts and hostilities. The change of tone is most prominent at the end of the chapter when hope and relief is conveyed through the color of ‘pale green' in the ‘hills' and tiny points of grass' in the ‘beginning of the year'. This sudden change of color from gray to green creates a hopeful rebirth, suggesting that between the state of hopelessness and hopefulness, the only powers that can sustain humans through all adversities is moral courage.This turning point rekindles readers' faith in life and is vital to their understanding of the final message conveyed in Chapter 30 through Rose of Sharon. Overall, chapter 29 portrays the adversity of nature and underscores the conflict between nature and men. Together with the hopeful, symbolic ending, it brings out the theme that even though nature is omnipotent, it can be counteracted by moral courage. If humans remain individualistic, they become powerless. However, if humans are unified, they can benefit from the mutual support and bonding of brotherhood, which is the driving force that beautifies and prospers humanity.

Macbeth and Jack

Hunger for power in Macbeth and Jack Hunger for power is often the driving force in one’s life. While hunger for power is an indispensible trait for all leaders, it can also remove one's ability to control emotions, desires, and greed until that person is devoured by it. Jack, from Lord of the Flies and Macbeth, from Macbeth serves as the primary example of this, as they are eventually driven to their own demise by ambition in a negative way, murder, and betrayal of friends. In addition, Jack and Macbeth show that hunger for power leads to ones downfall. In both Macbeth and jack, ambition play’s a major role because it is the start or the beginning of their downfall. Ambition has not yet overwhelmed the minds of Macbeth, He is uncanny depiction of a noble general, saving his country form domination and tyranny, but as the character progresses in the plot, the inhabitance is parallel in that he receive prestigious rankings amongst the society and in essence, his lives is ideal. Macbeth receives titles of nobility and influence as Thane of Glamis and is recently appointed Thane of Cawdor. (Shakespeare I. 3. ). With a great quantity of control being eceived, Macbeth devours the power as if it were a precious jewel. But Evil seep’s through him, diminishing the moral code in the name of attaining his esteemed goals. Macbeth, seconds after hearing his new appointment states, â€Å" If good, why do I yield to that suggestion whose horrid image doth unfix my hair and make my seated heart knock at my ribs, against the use of nature? Present fears are less than horrible imaginings; my thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical,† (Shakespeare. I. 3. ) Ambition has driven evil spirits, which will not die until his dreams are accomplished. With the seed of power and ambition implemented into his mind, the plant grows out of control until conscience is completely drained out. Similarly, Jack isn’t ambitious in the beginning. He is introduced to the reader in a â€Å"holy† aura with the description of his choir; â€Å"Their bodies, from throat to ankle, were hidden by black cloaks which bore a long silver cross on the left breast† (Golding 21) Conveying religion into Jack’s first emergence shows the likely innocence encompassed in the boy’s life prior to crashing on the island. As the character progresses in the plot, just as Macbeth, Jack also receive prestigious rankings amongst the society or in the island. Jack is appointed Leader of the hunters, the only high rank besides Ralph, who was chosen leader. (Golding 24-25). This gives Jack important stature as he controls a certain portion of the boys inhibited in the island. As he holds substantial power over some aspect of civilization. Evil also seep’s through his mind, which therefore diminishes his moral code in the name of attaining his esteemed goal. But Jack states his feelings in different ways. Jack although less apparent, also show his attentions to overtake all leadership. His constant disagreement with Ralph exhibits no respect and shows his aspirations of taking total command. Instead of looking over the fire, Jack deliberately disobeys the order made by Ralph and goes out hunting instead. (Golding 77). This shows how Jack’s ambitiousness is trying to make a dispute with Ralph so that he can prove Ralph as a not good leader and then became the next leader. Therefore this also shows how Macbeths and jacks ambition can disrupt a peaceful society. Betrayal of friends plays an important part in both Macbeth and Jack because that’s when he change of power occurs of them leading in to their downfall. In Macbeth the earliest example of betrayal serving as a impetus in power change is when Macbeth is rewarded for his loyalty to the king while the Thane of Cawdor is stripped of his title because of his betrayal. Both Banquo and Macbeth are slightly disturbed by the witches prediction because they are afraid that it will trick them into betraying the king. But because Macbeth was very ambitious and couldn’t control himself. Macbeth begins to plan his treachery against Duncan as soon as he sees that Malcolm stands in the way of Macbeth gaining the throne. I have done the deed. Didst thou not hear a noise† (Shakespeare II, 2, 56). The betrayal against Duncan is complete when Macbeth murders him. Now Macbeth must frame the guards and try to cover up his crime, which can only lead to more murder. Banquo is a general in the King's army (same as Macbeth) and is often seen in contrast to Macbeth. Banquo is the only one with Macbeth when he hears the first prophecy of the weird sisters; during the same prophecy, Banquo is told that his children will be kings, though he will not be. Banquo knows of Macbeth and his quest for power. He is the one that tells Macbeth that the instruments of darkness only cause harm and betrayal. Macbeth makes this statement true by betraying Banquo whom he once trusted. â€Å" Thou hast it now: king, cowdor, glamis, all, As the weird women promis’d; and, I fear, thou play’dst most foully for’t†(Shakespeare III. 1. 76). Banquo suspected Macbeth’s guilt and out of fear of being caught Macbeth sends out two murderers to kill Banquo. Macbeth is guilty of betrayal, but he doesn’t commit the act himself which shows how weak he really is. Macbeth is numb from all the events, which are causing his downfall. Just like how Macbeth betrayed his friends, Jack also betrays his friends in a different manner. The strong-willed, egomaniacal Jack is the novel’s primary representative of the instinct of savagery, violence, and the desire for power. He is a person who just gives out demands, and expects the group to answer him. Jacks main aim of the assemblies in the novel are to first become chief â€Å"simple arrogance†, â€Å"I ought to be chief†(Golding 29) Jack believes that no-one else has the right to control him, and he should be in control of everyone. But unfortunately Jack lost the vote to be chief and that’s when jack begins to betray his friends. He changes his image from a choirboy to a furtive hunter. Jack couldn’t follow Ralph’s(the chief) rulers so Jack calls for am assembly and insults Ralph by saying â€Å"He isn’t perfect and we don’t know anything about him. He just gives orders and expects people to obey for nothing. †(Golding 126). Jack betrays his chief Ralph and makes a new group. After Jack formed a new group he mostly influenced them in being a hunter and to always kill things and because of that Jack betrays Simon, who’s another friend of his. During Jacks party Simon went to examine the beast at the mountain. When Simon found out there wasn’t a beast and only a dead man in there, he came running towards Jack party to tell them. But Jack and his group thought it was the beast that was coming towards them so they killed it. â€Å"Simon was crying out something about a dead man on a hill. † (Golding 152). Therefore this portrays that hunger for power can lead one to betrayal of friends. In the world today people have certain goals that they set for themselves to achieve in their lifetime. Most people try to obtain these goals by hard work and to just keep on trying until they finally get what they want. In the case of Macbeth and Jack however they try to obtain their goals through violence and murder. At first Macbeth is a loyal and brave soldier and serves his king Duncan. Because of Macbeth's loyalty to Duncan he is named the Thane of Cawdor. After Macbeth hears the prophecies about himself and becoming king, which he has always wanted, the thought of murder starts coming into his mind. Instead of just staying a loyal and brave soldier and waiting to see if he will be named king, Macbeth tries to obtain his goal in a different way. The thoughts of murder tarts getting greater and Macbeth questions whether or not he should but Lady Macbeth tries to talk Macbeth into killing Duncan so that they can both get what they want. So now instead of obtaining his goal of becoming king by just waiting he gets it by murdering Duncan. â€Å"I have done the deed†(Shakespeare. II. 2. 56). The initial thought of murder starts when Macbeth receives the three prophecies from the witches about him becoming king. Macbeth has some of the same thoughts of the murder as Lady Macbeth does, but he also has some different opinions. Macbeth obviously wants to kill Duncan ecause he is the one who first came up with the plan of the murder, but Macbeth also doesn't want to commit the murder because Duncan is humble and Macbeth is a loyal kinsman. Macbeth kills the king to secure the kingship, but immediately it becomes clear that the only way to hide the murder is to keep murdering. Macbeth hasn't even settled in the new palace before Macbeth has already found two murders to murder Banquo and his son. Because after Macbeth becomes king Banqou says â€Å" Thou hast it now: king, cowdor, glamis, all, As the weird women promis’d; and, I fear, thou play’dst most foully for’t† (Shakespeare III. 1. 6). Banquo suspected Macbeth’s guilt and out of fear of being caught Macbeth sends out two murderers to kill Banquo. And so therefore hunger for power lead Macbeth in murdering both his king and friend. Similarly, Jack was a choir leader and wasn’t a violent person in the beginning. Jack as already mentioned is a person who just gives out demands, and expects the group to answer him. Jack believes that no one else has the right to control him, and he should be in control of everyone. One of the first murders that took place in the island was the murder of Simon. It was a dark scary night. Nothing could be clearly seen. Loud thunder roared as thick drops of rain fell on the ground. Nothing could be heard but the sound of thunder. Jacks group of agitated and aggressive boys danced with fear and excitement. Since Jack has become so obsessed with hunting, all he could think about mostly was killing. Because while dancing he repeatedly kept saying â€Å"Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood! † (Golding 152). And because he build up that mood of violence in himself and his group, when they saw something crawling out of the forest, and was coming towards them, they all thought it was the beast and killed it without even making sure. Simon was crying out something about a dead man on a hill. † (Golding 152). It is was Simon that they killed not the beast. Jack is responsible for Simon murder because he misleaded the his group in thinking it was the beast. Jack is also responsible for the murder of Piggy, an overweight asthmatic boy about 8 years in age, who cannot see without his glasses represents physical weakness and mental strength. His glasses, however, help illustrate his intellectual strength, his ability to think situations over logically and use reason, rather than emotions to decide upon important dilemmas. Because piggy was always in Ralph’s side, Jack didn’t treat piggy well he was always made fun of. Jack knew piggy had vision problem and that he couldn’t see without glasses. But Jack still stole the glasses of piggy’s face, for him to build fire. Because of Jack influence in the group most of them want to be like him so when Piggy and Ralph comes to ask for piggy’s glasses back, Ralph and Jack fight for a second time. Piggy cries out shrilly, struggling to make himself heard over the brawl. As Piggy tries to speak, hoping to remind the group of the importance of rules and rescue, â€Å" high over-head, oger, with a sense of delirious abandonment leaned all his weight on the lever† (Golding 180). Roger shoves a massive rock down the mountainside. Ralph, who hears the rock falling, dives and dodges it. But the boulder strikes Piggy, shatters the conch shell he is holding, and knocks him off the mountainside to his death on the rocks below. Jack throws his spear at Ralph, and the other boys quickly join in. Just like Macbeth even Jack is fully covered with evil he wanted to also kill Ralph at the end but he couldn’t. Jack estroyed the island by burning it, hunger for power lead him into a total failure. He couldn’t lead the group in a peaceful manner. As seen in Macbeth and Jack hunger for power is the driving force in one’s life. They couldn’t control emotions, desires, and greed until they were devoured by it. An important lesson that can be learned from Macbeth and Jack is that Ambition has driven evil spirits, which will not die until ones dreams are accomplished. And to get through that dream it will lead one into betraying their friends, and murdering. Therefore hunger for power leads to ones downfall.

Cell Phone Effects on Youth Essay

In powerful effect paradigm, media has immediate, direct influence and assumes that people are passive and absorb media content uncritically & unconditionally. That paradigm related to Frankfurt school of though. Three theories come under this paradigm; one is Mass society theory, second is Magic bullet theory and third is Critical theory. All that theories based on assumptions, that all theories shows that media has strong impact on audience and a malignant force within the society. Mass society theory: This theory is related to media and Herbert Marcuse presented this idea. It’s a first media theory and also known as â€Å"Grand Theory†. Mass Society Theory is based on various assumptions. Following are the assumptions of Mass Society Theory: 1. The media are a malignant, cancerous force within society and must be purged or totally restructured. 2. Media have the power to reach out and directly influence the minds of average people. 3. Once people’s minds are corrupted by media, all sorts of bad long-term consequences result – not only bringing ruin to individual lives, but also creating social problems on a vast scale 4. Average people are vulnerable to media because they have been cut off and isolated from traditional institutions that previously protected them from manipulation. 5. The social chaos initiated by media will inevitably be resolved by establishment of a totalitarian social order. 6. Mass media inevitably debase higher forms of culture; br ing about generation decline in civilization. Read more:  Negative Effects of Smartphones on Youth Limited effect paradigm: Limited effect paradigm idea has been associated with Paul Lazarsfeld and his colleagues. They focused on the media effect is measureable, short term and concluded that the media played a limited role in influencing public opinion. The â€Å"Limited-Effects† Model developed by Lazarsfeld and his colleagues from Columbia was highly influential in the development of media studies. The model claims the mass media has â€Å"limited-effects† on audience. Comparison of Mass Society Theory Assumptions with Limited Effect Paradigm 1. The media are a malignant, cancerous force within society and must be purged or totally restructured. The Functional Analysis Theory rejected this assumption as in this theory media is a healthy organization and has a positive role within the society, and Information Flow Theory also discarded this assumption that all information does not consider valuable and 80% people heard and read soft news so the reaction and the negative effect of media is less. 2. Media have the power to reach out and directly influence the minds of average people. Two step flows discarded this assumption, this theory urges media to be less direct and less powerful effects and people are much more affected by opinion leaders rather than media. As in the Information Flow Theory most news are unnoticed by people so how it can affect average people and also in the Attitude Change Theory, society or people cannot change by media. People changed when they want change or change their self. 3. Once people’s minds are corrupted by media, all sorts of bad long-term consequences result – not only bringing ruin to individual lives, but also creating social problems on a vast scale. Attitudes Change Theory discarded this assumption that changing is a complex process and societal change is a slow process. As in a Cognitive Dissonance Theory, anything which is inconsistence that effect is less. Psychological disorder topics have a less effect on audience. One more theory rejected this assumption Functional Analysis Theory says that media role is positive in the society. 4. Average people are vulnerable to media because they have been cut off and isolated from traditional institutions that previously protected them from manipulation. Reinforcement Theory rejected this assumption it says that media act to reinforcement already held beliefs and idea. Change transpire by family, school, church etc and traditional institution are still there and have strong power to stop the individual an society by manipulation. As in Cognitive Consistency Theory people consciously or unconsciously want to see those channels or programs which are of their interest. Two Step Model also discarded this assumption by opinion leaders are attached with our institutions and in the Attitude Change Theory, in human attitude changing these three variables play focal role, 1.the Communicator, 2.communication, 3.situation. 5. The social chaos initiated by media will inevitably be resolved by establishment of a totalitarian social order. Only Innovation Diffusion Theory prop up that assumption. New idea, information introduced in the society by innovators, to spread any new idea is society has five stages by establishment of totalitarian social order the social chaos can be pave. 6. Mass media inevitably debase higher forms of culture; bring about generation decline in civilization. Cognitive Consistency rejected this assumption people always try to hold their existing beliefs so they do not allow to change their culture and values. As Reinforcement Theory, media acts to reinforce the already held and existing beliefs and ideas. It does not disturb society by creating any change. Conclusion: Mass society theory portrait media role is negative and malignant force within the society but there are many other theories which describes that media role is positive and it is a healthy institution like other social institutions. Change always comes, when people want change or try to change themselves. We negated all these assumption by these imperial studies.

Developmental psychology Essay

Introduction The pedagogy of play can be hard to understand and part of the reason for this is it’s so difficult to explain how children learn by play because play isn’t simply; it is complex. Each child begins their early childhood education with a set of skills and prior knowledge that is influenced by their family, culture and past experiences (Fellows &Oakley, 2010). The past knowledge should become the foundation for developing an understanding of scientific concepts (Duschl, Schweingruber & Shouse, 2007). Children are naturally inquisitive, creative and aware of the world around them (Campbell & Jobling, 2012). development tool and an effective way to teach children scientific concepts while using their prior knowledge (Preston, Mules, Baker & Frost, 2007). Learning science through play shows children that science is useful and enjoyable and is a significant aspect of the real world (Bulunuz, 2013). This essay will review teaching science through play, theorists who support play and the way in which the Australian curriculum and EYLF support play pedagogy. Science and Play Play pedagogy is a context for learning through which children organise and make sense of their social worlds, as they engage actively with people, objects  and representations. Research shows that early childhood educators must use play effectively in order for children to develop contextualised knowledge about science (Bulunuz, 2013). Educators should base science experiences based on prior knowledge and interests demonstrated by the children (Moyles, 2012). Educators must acknowledge the importance of play as a platform for learning and practising the basic process skills of science (Howitt, Morris & Colville, 2007). Through play the children are learning at their own pace and children can repeat, rehearse and refine skills, displaying what they do know and practising what they  are beginning to understand. According to Campbell & Jobling (2012) there are numerous forms of play. One of which is free play. Free play is used by children to spontaneously react to their environment, and is determined by their interests. Children’s interest in the world around them usually begins with their observations, whereby they see, hear, smell, touch something that captures their interest and encourages them to explore. In order to develop contextualised knowledge about science children need to move on from free play and be involved in guided play (Campbell & Jobling, 2012).

What led to US military action in the Vietnam Research Paper

What led to US military action in the Vietnam - Research Paper Example China would continue to rule there for the next 1,000 years, until 939 AD when Vietnam would regain some measure of independence (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs). Following this, two families fought for control of the country, and civil war was common until the late 18th century (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs). A peasant revolt in 1802 again unified the country under one governor, but was beaten down by an emperor who ruled as Gia Long (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs). The Vietnamese, by the time of the entry of American troops into their country, were most likely used to seeing foreigners in their country. The Americans, however, were still about 150 years away. First were the French in 1855, which ruled Vietnam as a colony, along with Cambodia and Laos, and called it French Indochina (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs). The emperor of Vietnam remained in the country at Hue and was given very limited authority, but that was all (Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs). In 1919, a young man known as Ho Chi Minh joined the French Socialist Party, and became fascinated by the teachings of V.I. Lenin (Lawrence). Lenin, while adamant that full-blown Communist revolution could only occur in countries with high industrialization, encouraged agrarian societies to form small cells of communist supporters (Lawrence). Ho Chi Minh not only believed in this principle, but believed that it formed a road map for him to carry out revolution and free Vietnam from colonial rule forever (Lawrence). The path to the Vietnam War had, in some ways, begun with his thoughts. Vietnam faced further occupation during World War II. The Japanese entered and quickly took over for France, forcing them to concede French Indochina (Lawrence). In the confusion of the final year of the war, Ho Chi Minh took advantage of the opportunity to bring his party to the forefront of politics by relieving a famine and feeding the starving masses of Vietnamese

Business organization filed Experience... paper #1 Essay

Business organization filed Experience... paper #1 - Essay Example The presentation was about its new investments, research and development and oil production and aims to invite investors in its new undertaking. I observed the meeting was highly organized as each guest was prompted to their designated seats. They were attentive and courteous in raising questions after the speaker presented their topic. Three presenters attended to the presentation. The first presenter tackled the overview, history of the company, its present financial position, and its prospects for future investments. Second speaker talked about the scenario of oil production to be done by the company, and the third speaker discussed marketing programs and investments. For clearer view and understanding, presentation was done through power point. A moderator was assigned for the smooth flow of questions and answers The company aims to inform stakeholders about the Dornan’s new venture and encourage investors to invest on it, the oil production. Target markets are investors and corporations who may wish to co-produce or invest on the company. Dorman Products, Inc. is entering a new kind of business field that is different from its present line of business. It has undergone research and development study, and Dorman Products, Inc. believe they are now ready for oil production. . Dormant is a dealer of automotive part for many years, and turning to be an oil producing company is new to the company. Being a business student and a neophyte, the experience exposed me to real life situation of how conferences, and business presentations are done. My experience put to life all theories I have read in books. I learned the process of how shifts in businesses structures are done. I got curious in the investment side of the presentation as it gave me an idea how to do business, the attraction of a corporation, and gave me an idea of business expansion and risks that go into it. No, I was not able to contribute to the event,

Green acres seed company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Green acres seed company - Assignment Example This is called the awareness stage which highly target audience to be reached rather than the aim of marketing in the websites which the visitors do not have interest in. Through marketing of Green acres seed Company using the modern technology of marketing, the company retargets those who visit the website thus keeping the products top of the mind. The company uses test messaging to convince the farmers about the seed company explaining the different varieties of seeds available with their prices. The market structures of Green acres seed Company is the seller concentration, the degree of buyer concentration, the brands differentiation and the condition of entry to the market. The company has adopted a high seller concentration which means that the seller supply is about 90% to make it available to those who want the seeds. Due to competitors, the company has adopted a pricing strategy to make sure that the products remain in the market despite competition in the market. For example green acres company has survival means in the market when there is price war, market decline or market saturation. Green acres seed Company has temporarily set a price which covers the cost when the prices of the seeds tend to be low so that the company can continue with the operation. The company provides products with low cost due to the market differentiation from the competitors, but the most important thing is good and high quality seeds that have a high germination percentage. high quality products makes the customer to consider green acres company products though people consider the most expensive products as high quality products (Kent 2003). Green Acres Company usually maximizes the quantity of the product this is because the company focuses on reducing long term costs. The approach is used because the company is well funded by the founders and the investors. Green Acres Company may also maximize quantity so as to maximize market

Khomeini and Persian Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Khomeini and Persian Literature - Essay Example At the same time he had in no way compromised with the Shah's regime. Because of this unimpeachable position Khomeini occupied and held the high moral ground. The Shah did not have a chance once his army and secret police began to unravel. No one understood better than Khomeini himself the importance of mobilizing the masses through traditional religious symbolism. He used the tazyah processions which commemorate Karbala, the seminal historical occasion when Hussain was martyred, to mobilizing the people (p. 119). In 1978 he sent messages from abroad to Iranians asking them to prepare for the massive marches of the month of Muharram (p. 120). These would break the spirit of the military, who had no will to kills their own people. By converting the traditional mourning for Hussain during Ashurah into a challenge to the Shah, Khomeini again touched a deep chord in people (p. 121). Hussain's martyrdom was in the cause of justice and his fight against tyranny. Modern Iranians understood the message. The Muharram of 1978 was used to agitate for the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of an Islamic state and to further challenge the USA (Baqer 1999, p. 245). In the next Muharram Khomeini directed people to retur n to their own neighborhood, in an attempt to calm things down. All this is not to suggest that Khomeini was manipulating people. ... 250). Indeed it took considerable argument to persuade him to speak only of Iran in order to mobilize the Iranian people. It required further discussion to convince him that the President of Iran must be an Iranian, not just a Muslim. It must be recalled that the first foreign dignitary he received after the revolution was Yasser Arafat (p. 252). Though an Arab, Arafat symbolized an Islamic cause, that of liberating the holy placed of Palestine. Islam for Khomeini meant Ithna Ashari or twelve Imam Shiism (Fereydoun 2003, p. 65). While providing the Shias with an immense reservoir of religious passion, this inevitably acted as a barrier between Shia and the Sunni areas and thereby created obstacles for Khomeini on the larger Muslim world stage (p. 67). Yet Khomeini did move Shia and Sunni towards each other by declaring they were one. Throughout the Muslim world, he had earned the respect of the people. His challenging the USA, his reputation for integrity and public espousal of the Islamic cause were widely supported (p. 92). He had come to embody the moods of Islamic revivalism. As the USA became the focus of both cultural and political opposition, and because it was the age of the Western media, Khomeini's image, in turn, became the symbol of all that was wrong with Iran in the USA. Khomeini was depicted as a humourless, cruel and medieval monk (p. 110). Bearded clergy in flowing black robes, women covered in dark sheets, rituals centred around martyrs long dead, national hatred concentrated on the USA as the Great Satan - where does Iranian society related to the USA How do we make sense of the close relationships between the two up to the 1970s and then almost obsessive mutual hatred from the 1980s The answers are as complex as any

Five year career development plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Five year career development plan - Essay Example It is because of the reason that United States income tax legislations are believed to be difficult, several tax delivery bearers search for subcontractor support for taxes disposal, it is amazing that fifty nine percent of personal tax takings in 2007 were manipulated by salaried tax compilation services. A number of states have certification necessities for anybody who compiles and formulates tax delivery as a service provider. Some companies offer free of charge tax compilation application for personals; subjected with a lesser amount of fifty eight thousand USD of total revenue in fiscal year 2010. People who earn more than the above mentioned amount can utilize forms and digital applications of IRS manuscripts. Considering a 2005 analysis from the U.S. Government accountability office, the value of the tax service is huge; the return that is omitted in addition to the tax on its own is stuck between two hundred forty billion USD and six hundred billion USD per year that is utili zed in the tax service. For tax delivery compilation, Americans dispatch a quantity equivalent around twenty percent of the sum received in taxes. This proves that tax preparation service is really established for high returns, so the career Alpha II Omega Tax Services is bright. 1. Career Goals and Objectives Alpha II Omega Tax Services is a new established company which open its services via home based utility in the fiscal year 2010 with twenty five clients, however in this tariff period of the year 2011, the number of clients utilizing their services increases to hundred and twenty four, now Alpha II Omega Tax Services is planning to launch a tax preparation utility office in 2013, and in this regard Alpha II Omega Tax Services will be dealing with multiple clients since its being the first time Alpha II Omega Tax Services is planning to market itself at full exposure. Alpha II Omega Tax Services is currently offering services home based with limited number of clients, however a five year career objectives must be concrete, and Alpha II Omega Tax Services should focus on providing all related services in tax preparation including serving consumers with tax delivery services and electronic input. Alpha II Omega Tax Services should also focus to develop expertise in all range of applications that are used. The period of recruitment, training and developing expertise in tax software should not last more than two years. With the application of the tax software, the Alpha II Omega Tax Services can offer automated federal income tax compilation, state income tax, and personal tax compilation services. Alpha II Omega Tax Services regulate focus on developing relations with a range of economic organizations like Santa Barbara Bank & Trust, N.A and HSBC Taxpayer to offer many of the economic services, like Refund Anticipation Loans etc. Since tax preparation alone is a seasonal venture, therefore it should be established with some other service as well. So in five years a medium size profitable tax preparer company with other services can be established. 2. Career Management and Effective planning At present the goals identified in career objectives